Sinteza i pročišćavanje butil estera viših masnih kiselina ultrafiltracijom

master's thesis

• Title (english): Synthesis and purification of butyl fatty acid ester by ultrafiltration
• Author: Luka Tomičak
• Mentor: Krešimir Košutić (mentor)
• Committee member: Krešimir Košutić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Fabio Faraguna (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Davor Dolar (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019-09-26, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering

Abstract

Biodizel je obnovljivo dizelsko gorivo koje se može proizvesti iz obnovljivih bioloških izvora poput biljnih ulja ili životinjskih masti. Procesom transesterifikacije između butanola i biljnih ulja dobiva se butilni ester viših masnih kiselina (FABE). Biodizel ima višu točku izgaranja od mineralnog dizela što omogućava veću sigurnost pri rukovanju i upotrebi, biorazgradiv je, netoksičan, i ima odličnu mazivost što osigurava duži vijek trajanja motora. Klasičnim postupkom uklanjanja glicerola i alkohola iz reakcijske smjese stvaraju se velike količine otpadne vode koju je potrebno obraditi prije ispuštanja u okoliš. Iz tog se razloga istražuju nove metode pročišćavanja kako bi se smanjio negativan utjecaj na okoliš i ostvarile financijske uštede. U ovom radu provedena je sinteza biodizela (FABE) iz suncokretovog ulja s konverzijom većom od 95 % pri čemu se dobiveni produkt obrađivao s ultrafiltracijskim membranama. Ispitivala se mogućnost uklanjanja alkohola i glicerola iz reakcijske smjese. Za analizu uzoraka korištene su IR spektroskopija, 1H NMR i termogravimetrijska analiza. Od osnovnih fizikalno-kemijskih karakteristika određeni su indeks refrakcije i viskoznost reakcijske smjese te pojedinačnih komponenata. Ispitane UF membrane nisu pokazale zadovoljavajuću separaciju što ukazuje na potrebu daljnjeg istraživanja, odnosno dodatne selekcije membrana.

Abstract (english)

Biodiesel is a renewable diesel fuel that can be produced from renewable biological sources such as vegetable oils or animal fats. The transesterification process between butanol and vegetable oils yields the butyl ester of higher fatty acids (FABE). Biodiesel has a higher combustion point than mineral diesel for greater handling and handling safety; it is biodegradable, non-toxic, and has excellent lubricity for longer engine life. The classic process of removing glycerol and alcohol from the reaction mixture creates large amounts of waste water that must be treated before being discharged into the environment. For this reason, new treatment methods are being explored in order to reduce the negative environmental impact and achieve financial savings. In this work, the synthesis of biodiesel (FABE) from sunflower oil with a conversion greater than 95% was performed whereby the resulting product was treated with ultrafiltration membranes. The possibility of removing alcohol and glycerol from the reaction mixture was examined. IR spectroscopy, 1H NMR and thermogravimetric analysis were used to analyze the samples. The basic physicochemical characteristics were determined by the refractive index and the viscosity of the reaction mixture and the individual components. The UF membranes tested did not show satisfactory separation, which indicates the need for further investigation, i.e. additional membrane selection.

• Keywords: biodizel; transesterifikacija; ultrafiltracija; pročišćavanje
• Keywords (english): biodiesel; transesterification; ultrafiltration; purification
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:562584
• Study programme: Title: Environmental Engineering - Graduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka ekoinženjerstva (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka ekoinženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Closed access
• Created on: 2022-02-27 17:30:54