Kompoziti na temelju titana i hidroksiapatita u medicinskim primjenama

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Titanium/hydroxyapatite composites in medical applications
• Author: Dominik Horvat
• Mentor: Marica Ivanković (mentor)
• Committee member: Marica Ivanković (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Anamarija Rogina (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Hrvoje Ivanković (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2018-09-18, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering; Chemical Engineering in Material Development

Abstract

Rast svjetske populacije vodi prema povećanoj potražnji za medicinskim implantatima pomoću kojih je moguća zamjena kostiju oštećenih bolešću (poput artritisa ili raka) ili ozljedama. Prirodno tkivo, poput koštanog tkiva, posjeduje jedinstvenu strukturu i mehanička svojstva zbog čega popravak ili izmjena takvog tkiva predstavlja veliki izazov. Biokeramike su prvi puta predstavljene kao novi materijal za medicinske implantate u šezdesetim godinama dvadesetog stoljeća i od tada se učestalo primjenjuju u medicini. To su prije svega metalni materijali poput legura titana, nehrđajućeg čelika te legura kobalta i kroma. U početcima razvoja jedini kriteriji koje je implantat morao zadovoljiti bili su prikladna fizikalna svojstva i netoksičnost materijala. U današnje vrijeme zahtjevi uključuju razna fizikalna svojstva materijala, te sposobnost da materijal potiče rast tjelesnog tkiva. Metalni implantati posjeduju viši Youngov modul od kostiju što uzrokuje „zasjenjenje naprezanja“ (engl. stress shielding). Također mana je i loša biokompatibilnost koja je nužan uvjet za poticanje rasta prirodnog tkiva. No prednost metalnih implantata je ta što se odlikuju dobrim mehaničkim svojstvima poput čvrstoće i otpornosti na koroziju. Hidroksiapatit (HAp) je biokeramički materijal sa slabim mehaničkim svojstvima, pogotovo u smislu nosivosti. Pozitivna strana HAp-a je u sličnosti sastava s onim od kosti što potiče stvaranje novog tkiva. Kombinacijom titanijevih legura s HAp-om nastaje novi biomaterijal s odličnim mehaničkim i biološkim svojstvima. Ovaj rad usmjeren je na literaturni pregled biomaterijala na temelju titanijevih legura i HAp-a kao kompozita za medicinske implantate. Razmatrat će se i neke učestale metode kombiniranja HAp-a i titanija, njihova biokompatibilnost te ponašanje in vitro i in vivo.

Abstract (english)

The expansion of the global population is leading to an increased demand for medical implants for bone defects caused by diseases (such as arthritis and cancer) or trauma. Due to the unique structure and mechanical properties of natural bone tissue, the repair is challenging. The bioceramics were first introduced as the medical implants in the 1960s and since then they have been extensively utilized in medical applications. These materials are primarily metal implants such as titanium alloy, stainless steel, and cobalt-chromium alloys. In the early period of medical implant development, the only criteria for implant material suitability were appropriate physical properties and non-toxicity. Today, the criteria include the physical properties of the bone implant material and its ability to promote the tissue growth. Metal-based implants have a higher Young’s modulus than bones, which leads to stress shielding. Metal implants also have poor biocompatibility, which is necessary to promote the growth of natural tissue. However, metal-based implants have the beneficial mechanical properties in terms of strength and corrosion resistance. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a bioceramic material with poor mechanical properties, especially for load-bearing applications. However, HAp has a similar composition as bones and can promote the formation of new bony tissue. By combining titanium alloy with HAp one can develop a new biomaterial with excellent mechanical and biological properties. This paper aims to review biomaterials based on titanium alloys and HAp as a medical implant composites. Also, common methods of combining HAp and titanium, their biocompatibility and behaviour in vitro and in vivo are discussed.

• Keywords: medicinski implantati; titanij; hidroksiapatit; biomaterijali; biokompatibilnost
• Keywords (english): medical implants; titanium; hydroxyapatite; biomaterial; biocompatibility
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:164198
• Study programme: Title: Materials Science and Engineering - Undergraduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-05-17 13:51:59