Katalizatori u vozilima s unutarnjim izgaranjem

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Catalyzers in vehicles with internal combustion
• Author: Dominik Grganović
• Mentor: Vladimir Dananić (mentor)
• Committee member: Vladimir Dananić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Zvonimir Katančić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Iva Movre Šapić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-09-21, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Chemistry

Abstract

Svrha ovog rada je pokazati da je onečišćenje zraka uzrokovanog prometom velik problem s kojim se bore inženjeri i znanstvenici širom svijeta, još od izuma automobila. Veliki napredak u borbi protiv onečišćenja zraka ostvario je Eugene Houdry kada je sredinom 20. stoljeća izumio katalizator. Sve stroži i stroži zakoni i regulative navele su proizvođače automobila da poduzmu potrebne mjere smanjenja ispušnih plinova uzrokovanih motorom s unutarnjim izgaranjem. Zbog nepotpunog izgaranja goriva u motoru, nastaju produkti kao što su CO, HC, NOx, PM čestice itd. Ovi onečišćivači imaju negativan utjecaj na kvalitetu zraka, okoliša i ljudskog zdravlja. Metoda koja se pokazala najpovoljnijom i najefikasnijom za rješavanje tog problema je katalizator. Postoje brojne alternativne tehnologije, koje u suradnji sa katalizatorom daju još niže emisije štetnih plinova, poput poboljšanja dizajna motora, prethodne obrade goriva, filtera čestica, upotrebe alternativnih goriva, aditiva za gorivo, podešavanja procesa izgaranja pomoću lambda sondi, povrata ispušnih plinova itd. Ovaj rad govori o povijesti katalizatora, emisijama ispušnih plinova automobila i njihovom utjecaju na okoliš, smanjenju emisija pomoću katalizatora, vrstama katalizatora, njihovim kvarovima i sustavima koji im pomažu kako bi ostvarila kvalitetne rezultate u borbi protiv onečišćenja zraka.

Abstract (english)

The purpose of this paper is to show that air pollution caused by traffic is a major problem that engineers and scientists around the world have been struggling with since the invention of the automobile. A major breakthrough in the fight against air pollution was achieved by Eugene Houdry when he invented the catalytic converter in the middle of the 20th century. Stricter and stricter laws and regulations have led car manufacturers to take the necessary measures to reduce exhaust gases caused by internal combustion engines. Due to the incomplete combustion of fuel in the engine, products such as CO, HC, NOx, PM particles, etc. are formed. These pollutants have a negative impact on air quality, the environment and human health. The method that has proven to be the most convenient and effective for solving this problem is the catalytic converter. There are numerous alternative technologies, which in cooperation with the catalytic converter provide even lower emissions of harmful gases, such as improvements in engine design, fuel pretreatment, particle filters, use of alternative fuels, fuel additives, adjustment of the combustion process using lambda probes, exhaust gas recovery, etc. This the paper talks about the history of catalysts, car exhaust emissions and their impact on the environment, reduction of emissions using catalytic converter, types of catalytic converters, their failures and systems that help them achieve quality results in the fight against air pollution.

• Keywords: katalizator; onečišćenje zraka; motor sa unutarnjim izgaranjem
• Keywords (english): catalytic converter; air pollution; internal combustion engine
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:455272
• Study programme: Title: Environmental Engineering - Undergraduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka ekoinženjerstva (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka ekoinženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2023-02-23 14:11:01