Napredne tehnologije za karakterizaciju mikroorganizama koji razgrađuju ksenobiotike

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Advanced technologies for the characterization of xenobiotic-degrading microorganisms
• Author: Ivana Terzić
• Mentor: Marija Vuković Domanovac (mentor)
• Committee member: Marija Vuković Domanovac (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Zvjezdana Findrik Blažević (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ante Jukić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-09-15, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering

Abstract

Globalno onečišćenje ksenobioticima predstavlja stalnu antropogenu prijetnju i izaziva ozbiljnu zabrinutost za okoliš. Industrijalizacija, porast populacije i promjena načina života rezultirali su stvaranjem raznih novih onečišćujućih tvari. Mnogi ksenobiotici smanjuju kakvoću okoliša zbog svoje toksičnosti, produljene postojanosti i ograničene biorazgradljivosti što uključuje i visok potencijalni rizik za ljude i životinje. Mikroorganizmi koriste ksenobiotike kao izvore ugljika i dušika kako bi održali metaboličke aktivnosti i svoj rast. Različite populacije mikroorganizama koji preživljavaju u onečišćenim okolišima su izolirani i karakterizirani te pokazuju značajan bioremedijacijski potencijal za razgradnju i transformaciju ksenobiotika prisutnih u okolišu. Stoga, bioremedijacija posredovana mikroorganizmima nudi veliki potencijal za ponovno uspostavljanje čistog okoliša na okolišno održiv i prihvatljiv način. Nedostatak znanja o čimbenicima koji kontroliraju rast, metabolizam i dinamiku različitih mikrobnih zajednica u onečišćenom okruženju često ograničava provedbu bioremedijacije te istraživanje takvih mikrobnih populacija zahtijeva napredniji i integralni pristup. Trenutna istraživanja imaju za cilj iskoristiti i poboljšati prirodnu sposobnost različitih mikroorganizama da razgrađuju ksenobiotike. Suvremene tehnologije „omike“, poput metagenomike, transkriptomike, proteomike, metabolomike i fluksomike, danas se koriste za dizajniranje strategija za proučavanje raznolikosti mikroorganizama te njihove primjene u praćenju okoliša i bioremedijaciji. U ovom radu prikazat će se napredne tehnologije koje se koriste za karakterizaciju složenih mikrobnih zajednica koje razgrađuju ksenobiotike.

Abstract (english)

Global xenobiotic pollution is a constant anthropogenic threat and a cause for serious environmental concern. Industrialization, population growth, and changing lifestyles have led to the appearance of various new pollutants. Many xenobiotics affect the quality of the environment due to their toxicity, long persistence, and limited biodegradability, and pose a high potential risk to humans and animals. Microorganisms use xenobiotics as sources of carbon and nitrogen to sustain their metabolic activities and growth. Several populations of microorganisms that survive in polluted environments have been isolated and characterized and show significant bioremediation potential for the degradation and transformation of xenobiotics present in the environment. Therefore, bioremediation mediated by microorganisms offers great potential for restoring a clean environment in an environmentally safe and acceptable manner. The lack of knowledge about the factors controlling the growth, metabolism, and dynamics of different microbial communities in a polluted environment often limits the implementation of bioremediation, and the study of such microbial populations requires a more advanced and holistic approach. Current research aims to harness and enhance the natural ability of various microorganisms to degrade xenobiotics. Advanced "omics" technologies such as metagenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and fluxomics are now being used to develop strategies for studying the diversity of microorganisms and their applications in environmental monitoring and bioremediation. This paper presents advanced technologies used to characterize complex xenobiotic-degrading microbial communities.

• Keywords: bioremedijacija; mikroorganizmi; ksenobiotici; „omike“; bioinformatika
• Keywords (english): bioremediation; microorganisms; xenobiotics; "omics"; bioinformatics
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:371528
• Study programme: Title: Environmental Engineering - Undergraduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka ekoinženjerstva (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka ekoinženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Closed access
• Created on: 2023-03-14 10:04:49