Sinteza biodizela katalizirana enzimom lipaza u prirodnim eutektičnim otapalima

master's thesis

• Title (english): Biodiesel production catalysed by lipase in natural deep eutectic solvents
• Author: Lucija Pustahija
• Mentor: Anita Šalić (mentor)
• Committee member: Anita Šalić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Bruno Zelić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Domagoj Vrsaljko (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-09-14, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering

Abstract

Biogoriva su postala predmet značajnog interesa zbog rasta cijene fosilnih goriva te potrebe za gorivima sa smanjenim utjecajem na okoliš dobivenim iz održivih izvora, čime se smanjuje emisija stakleničkih plinova. Jedno od takvih goriva je i biodizel dobiven enzimski kataliziranom transesterifikacijom masnih kiselina podrijetlom iz ulja ili masti u prisustvu jednostavnih alkohola poput metanola. Unaprjeđenje procesa proizvodnje biodizela uključuje i primjenu različitih otapala od kojih se posebno ističu prirodna eutektička otapala (Engl. Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES)). Zbog svojih fizikalno-kemijskih svojstava primjena NADES u reakciji transesterifikacije osigurava pogodne uvjete za djelovanje enzima lipaza uz istovremeno uklanjanje sporednih reakcijskih produkata što rezultira dobivanjem biodizela veće čistoće uz veće produktivnosti. U okviru ovoga rada pripremljena su NADES na bazi betaina i uree u omjeru 1:3 s različitim udjelima vode (30, 35 i 40 % (w/w)). Enzim lipaza, podrijetlom iz Thermomyces lanuginosus, uspješno je ekstrahiran u pripremljenim NADES te se kao takav koristio u šaržnoj sintezi i sintezi biodizela u mikroreaktoru. Volumna aktivnost i stabilnost enzima lipaza pokazale su se najboljima u NADES betain:urea 1:3 s 40 % (w/w) vode. Stoga je ovo otapalo korišteno u daljnjem radu pri ispitivanju utjecaja različitih omjera metanol:ulje:enzim na iskorištenje procesa proizvodnje metilnih estera viših masnih kiselina (Engl. Fatty Acids Methyl Esters (FAME)). U eksperimentu provedenom s molarnim omjerom ulje:metanol 1:90, 27 % FAME je postignuto u šaržnom reaktoru nakon 50 h, a 7,61 % FAME u mikroreaktoru za vrijeme zadržavanja od 120 min.

Abstract (english)

Biofuels have become a subject of significant interest due to rising fossil fuel prices and the need for fuels with reduced environmental impact obtained from sustainable sources, thus reducing greenhouse gas emissions. One such fuel is biodiesel obtained by enzymatically catalyzed transesterification of fatty acids derived from oils or fats in the presence of simple alcohols such as methanol. Improving the biodiesel production process also includes the use of various solvents, of which Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) stand out. Due to its physicochemical properties, the application of NADES in the transesterification reaction provides favorable conditions for the action of the enzyme lipases with the simultaneous removal of reaction by-products, which results in obtaining biodiesel of higher purity with higher productivity. As part of this work, NADES based on betaine and urea were prepared in a ratio of 1: 3 with different water contents (30, 35 and 40 % (w/w)). The enzyme lipase, derived from Thermomyces lanuginosus, was successfully extracted in prepared NADES and as such was used in batch synthesis and biodiesel synthesis in a microreactor. The volume activity and stability of the lipase enzyme proved to be best in NADES betaine: urea 1: 3 with 40% (w / w) water. Therefore, this solvent was used in further work to investigate the influence of different ratios of methanol: oil: enzyme on the yield of the production process of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). In an experiment conducted with a molecular oil:methanol ratio of 1:90, 27 % FAME was achieved in a batch reactor after 50 h and 7,61 % FAME in a microreactor during a retention time of 120 min.

• Keywords: biodizel; prirodna eutektička otapala (NADES); enzim lipaza; mikroreaktorski sustavi
• Keywords (english): biodiesel; natural eutectic solvents; lipase; microreactor system
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:605258
• Study programme: Title: Chemical Engineering - Graduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2023-04-11 11:51:27