Sulfoniranje ostatka hidrolize biomase

master's thesis

• Title (english): Sulfonation of biomass hydrolysis residue
• Author: Dora Čalo
• Mentor: Marin Kovačić (mentor)
• Committee member: Marin Kovačić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ana Lončarić Božić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Vanja Kosar (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-09-30, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering

Abstract

U zadnjih stotinu godina došlo je do izrazitog porasta broja stanovništva. Sve veća potražnja za osnovnim životnim resursima rezultirala je većom gospodarskom aktivnošću. Otpad dobiven iz raznih industrija velik je problem, zbog njegovog neučinkovitog zbrinjavanja i daljnje uporabe što ima značajne utjecaje na okoliš. Biomasa jedan je od obnovljivih izvora energije čija upotreba uvelike smanjuje onečišćenje okoliša. Kako bi se biomasu prevelo u koristan oblik provode se razne metode obrade, a jedan od njih je i postupak hidrolize. U ovom je radu središte pozornosti na naknadnoj obradi, tj. na sulfoniranju ostatka dobivenog hidrolizom drvne biomase. Ostatak nakon hidrolize drvne biomase, sastavom bogat ligninom, korišten je u procesu sulfoniranja dimećom sumpornom kiselinom u kontroliranim uvjetima. Neutralizacija produkta sulfoniranja provedena je dodatkom kalcijeva hidroksida, a kao krajnji produkt dobiveni su lignosulfonati, odnosno kalcijev lignosulfonat. Dobiveni bijeli produkt kristalne strukture karakteriziran je infracrvenom spektroskopijom s Fourierovom transformacijom i termogravimetrijskom analizom. Dobivenim FTIR spektrima i TGA krivuljama dokazana je prisutnost karakterističnih funkcionalnih skupina lignina ( O-H, C-H, C=O, C-O skupina ) u početnom uzorku nakon hidrolize drvne biomase. Također, dokazana je i prisutnost karakterističnih skupina kalcijeva lignosulfonata ( O-H, C-H, C=O, C-O i S-O skupina ) u uzorku dobivenom nakon postupka sulfoniranja produkta hidrolize drvne biomase. Time se potvrđuje uspješnost ugradnje sulfonskih skupina procesom sulfoniranja.

Abstract (english)

In the last hundred years there has been a marked increase in population. The growing demand for basic living resources has resulted in greater economic activity. Waste obtained from various industries is a major problem, due to its inefficient disposal and further use which has significant environmental impacts. Biomass is one of the renewable energy sources whose use greatly reduces environmental pollution. In order to convert biomass into a useful form, various processing methods are carried out. The most important for this work is hydrolysis treatment and its residue after the process. The residue after hydrolysis of wood biomass, composition rich in lignin, was used in the process of sulfonation with fuming sulfuric acid under controlled conditions. Neutralization of the product with calcium hydroxide as the final product gave lignosulfonates, or calcium lignosulfonate. The obtained white product of crystal structure was characterized by infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform and thermogravimetric method. The obtained FTIR spectra and TGA curves proved the presence of characteristic functional groups of lignin (O-H, C-H, C=O, C-O groups) in the initial sample after hydrolysis of wood biomass. The presence of characteristic groups of calcium lignosulfonates (O-H, C-H, C=O, C-O and S-O groups) in the sample obtained after the sulfonation process of the hydrolyzed wood biomass product was also proved. This confirms the success of the installation of sulfone groups by the sulfonation process.

• Keywords: hidroliza; biomasa; lignin; sulfoniranje
• Keywords (english): hydrolysis; biomass; lignin; sulfonation
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:518162
• Study programme: Title: Applied Chemistry - Graduate study; specializations in: Environmental chemistry and green technologies, Advanced materials and technologies, Applied organic chemistry; Course: Advanced materials and technologies; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra primijenjene kemije (magistar/magistra primijenjene kemije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2023-04-21 11:08:00