Određivanje utjecaja reakcijskih parametara na sintezu pentilnih estera masnih kiselina

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Determination of the influence of reaction parameters on the synthesis of fatty acid pentyl esters
• Author: Ivona Pečurlić
• Mentor: Fabio Faraguna (mentor)
• Committee member: Fabio Faraguna (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ante Jukić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marko Racar (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2020-09-21, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Basic Technical Sciences

Abstract

Proizvodnja biodizela temelji se na reakciji transesterifikacije pri kojoj trigliceridi sadržani u uljima i mastima reagiraju s alkoholom te kao produkti nastaju esteri masnih kiselina, odnosno biodizel. Mogućnosti korištenja brojnih ulja – jestivih, nejestivih, otpadnih, kao i različitih alkohola, kao posljedicu imaju nastanak širokog područja mogućih istraživanja na temu sinteze biodizela. U ovom istraživanju provedeno je ispitivanje utjecaja reakcijskih parametara na iskorištenje reakcije transesterifikacije kojom se dobiva biodizel reakcijom suncokretovog ulja i pentanola, uz kalijev hidroksid kao katalizator. Reakcijski parametri značajni za ovo istraživanje bili su: temperatura (40 – 80 °C), vrijeme reakcije (1 – 4 h), molarni omjer pentanola i suncokretovog ulja (5:1 – 11:1) te udio katalizatora (1 – 3 mas. %). Cilj je bio odrediti najprikladnije uvjete pri kojima je moguće dobiti visoka iskorištenja koristeći navedene reaktante, no uz to što više smanjiti trošak proizvodnje u smislu uštede energije i materijala. Napravljen je Box-Behnken plan od 30 pokusa u programskom paketu Design Expert 11, a iskorištenja su izračunata iz spektra dobivenog 1H NMR analizom. Dobiveni modeli proučavani su kroz razne funkcije i ovisnosti prema kojima je moguće doći do zaključka o poklapanju ili nepoklapanju dobivenih modela i eksperimentalnih podataka. Programskim paketom moguće je provesti optimizaciju te odrediti najbolje uvjete za sintezu, ovisno o odabiru važnosti određenog tipa uštede. Postavljenjem najveće važnosti na dobivanje maksimalnog iskorištenja uz minimalne vrijednosti reakcijskih parametara: temperature, reakcijskog vremena, udjela katalizatora i omjera reaktanata, rezultati optimiranja pokazuju kako je za model 1 moguće ostvarivanje iskorištenja od 99,79 %, ukoliko bi se reakcija odvijala 1 h pri temperaturi 40 °C pri čemu je molarni omjer reaktanata 9,76 mol/mol, a udio katalizatora 1,83 mas. %. Za dobivanje iste vrijednosti iskorištenja, kod modela 2 potrebno je provoditi reakciju 3,09 h pri temperaturi 40 °C, uz udio katalizatora 2,24 mas. % i omjer reaktanata od 7,93.

Abstract (english)

Biodiesel production is based on the reaction of transesterification where triglycerides contained in oils and fats react with an alcohol to produce fatty acid esters, that is biodiesel. The possibility of using numerous oils – edible, non-edible, waste oils, as well using different alcohols, leads to a wide area of possible research on the topic of biodiesel synthesis. The influence of reaction parameters on the yield of the transesterification reaction of sunflower oil and pentanol with potassium hydroxide as a catalyst, was investigated. Reaction parameters studied were: temperature (40 – 80 °C), reaction time (1 – 4 h), molar ratio of pentanol and sunflower oil (5:1 – 11:1) and mass share of catalyst (1 – 3 wt%). The goal was to determine the most suitable conditions in which it is possible to obtain high yield and lower the cost of production by saving energy and materials. The Box-Behnken plan of 30 experiments has been made using Design Expert 11 and yields of the reactions were calculated from 1H NMR spectra. Developed models were studied through various functions and dependencies and most suitable model, that has lowest disagreement between the developed models and experimental results, was selected. Within the program, it is possible to make an optimization and determine the best conditions for the synthesis, depending on the choice of importance of a particular parameter type. By placing the greatest significance on achieving maximal reaction yield with minimal values of reaction parameters: temperature, reaction time, mass share of catalyst and reactants ratio, the optimization results show that for the model 1, it is possible to achieve a yield of 99.79 %, if the reaction lasted for 1 h at the temperature of 40 °C with the molar ratio of 9.76 mol/mol, and the mass share of catalyst of 1.83 wt%. For accomplishing the same yield with the model 2, reaction should take place for 3.09 h at 40 °C, with the mass share of catalyst of 2.24 wt% and the reactants ratio of 7.93.

• Keywords: biodizel; transesterifikacija; suncokretovo ulje; pentanol
• Keywords (english): biodiesel; transesterification; sunflower oil; pentanol
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:004992
• Project: Number: UIP-2019-04-5242; Title: Razvoj funkcionalnih biogoriva i (bio)aditiva te ispitivanje primjenskih svojstava mješavina s mineralnim gorivima; Title: Development of functional biofuels and (bio)additives and characterization of blends with mineral fuels; Acronym: FunBioFA; Leader: Fabio Faraguna; Jurisdiction: Croatia; Funder: HRZZ; Funding stream: UIP
• Study programme: Title: Chemical Engineering - Undergraduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2023-05-08 11:28:38