Određivanje toksičnosti bakterijom Vibrio fischeri standardnih otopina ksenobiotika i primjena na realne uzorke

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Toxicity determination by Vibrio fischeri bacteria for standard solutions of xenobiotics and application to real samples
• Author: Kristina Kukrika
• Mentor: Danijela Ašperger (mentor)
• Committee member: Danijela Ašperger (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Davor Dolar (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Dajana Kučić Grgić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019-09-06, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Chemistry

Abstract

Tvari prisutne u organizmu koje se u istom ne proizvode niti očekuju da budu prisutne nazivaju se ksenobiotici. Shodno tome, farmaceutici su ksenobiotici za ljude i životinje. Potrošnja farmaceutika posljednjih godina bilježi uzlaznu putanju zbog sve većeg broja novih bolesti i broja oboljelih. Naziv farmaceutici obuhvaća sve lijekove koji se koriste u humanoj i veterinarskoj medicini te dodatke prehrani. Moderni lijekovi su uglavnom mali organski spojevi koji su liofilni i umjereno topljivi u vodi. Kako svi farmaceutski aktivni spojevi prije ili kasnije završe u okolišu (najviše vodenom) potrebno je istražiti njihov utjecaj na isti, obzirom da već u vrlo malim dozama izazivaju određene farmakološke i fiziološke učinke. Utjecaj farmaceutika na živi svijet, moguće je ispitati testovima toksičnosti. Cilj ovog rada je odrediti toksičnost široko primjenjivanih farmaceutika, ali i realnih uzoraka nakon obrade otpadnih voda naprednim oksidacijskim procesima. Ispitivani farmaceutici se svrstavaju u tri skupine prema načinu djelovanja: antibiotike (gentamicin), antihelmintike (ivermektin, klozantel, mebendazol) i kemoterapeutske agense (hidroksiklorokin). Toksičnost je ispitivana standardnom DIN 38412 L34 metodom primjenom luminiscentne bakterije Vibrio fischeri koja je osjetljiva na organske onečišćujuće tvari. Toksična okolina izaziva smanjenje luminiscencije bakterijske kulture, pa se mjereći njenu promjenu dobiva veza između inhibicije bakterijske kulture i toksičnog djelovanja farmaceutika. Zamijećen je isti trend rasta krivulja toksičnosti kod svih ispitanih ksenobiotika. Međutim, niti jedan nije izazvao potpunu inhibiciju bakterijske kulture. Od standardnih otopina ksenobiotika, najveću inhibiciju je pokazao gentamicin, zatim klozantel i ivermektin, dok se mebendazol pokazao pogodnim za rast bakterijske kulture. Uzorci vode hidroksiklorokina nakon primjene naprednih oksidacijskih procesa pokazali su vrlo nisku toksičnost. To ukazuje na mogućnost primjene takvog sustava obradbe vode i u realnom sektoru.

Abstract (english)

Substances present in the body that are not produced nor expected to be present in the body are called xenobiotics. Accordingly, pharmaceuticals are xenobiotics for humans and animals. In last year's pharmaceutical consumption has been picking upward due to the increasing number of new illnesses and the number of people suffering from it. Pharmaceuticals include all medicines used in the human and veterinary medicine, and food supplements. Modern drugs are mostly small organic compounds that are lipophilic and moderately soluble in water. As all the pharmacologically active compounds sooner or later end in the environment (mostly in water), it is necessary to investigate their effect on it, since very small doses cause certain pharmacological and physiological effects. The influence of pharmaceuticals on the living world is possible to examine by toxicity tests. The aim of this paper is to determine the toxicity of widely applied pharmaceuticals, as well as real samples after treatment of wastewater with advanced oxidation processes. Examined pharmaceuticals are classified into three groups according to the mode of action: antibiotics (gentamicin), anthelmintics (ivermectin, closantel, mebendazole) and chemotherapeutic agents (hydroxychloroquine). Toxicity was tested by the standard DIN 38412 L34 method using Vibrio fischeri, luminscent bacterium, that is sensitive to organic pollutants. The toxigenic environment causes inhibition of luminescence, and by measuring its change, it obtains a link between inhibition of bacterial culture and toxicity of the pharmaceutical. The same growth trend of toxicity curves for all xenobiotics has been noticed. However, none of the tested xenobiotics has caused complete inhibition of bacterial culture. Of the standard xenobiotics solutions, gentamicin, then closantel and ivermectin showed the highest inhibition, while mebendazole was showen suitable for bacterial culture growth. Water samples of hydroxychloroquine after application of advanced oxidation processes showed very low toxicity. This indicates the possibility of applying such water treatment system in the real sector as well.

• Keywords: ksenobiotici; farmaceutici; antibiotici; antihelmintici; kemoterapeutski agensi; toksičnost; Vibrio fischeri; luminiscencija; napredni oksidacijski procesi
• Keywords (english): xenobiotics; pharmaceuticals; antibiotics; anthelmintics; chemotherapeutic agents; toxicity; Vibrio fischeri; luminescence; advanced oxidation processes
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:392903
• Project: Number: PKP-2016-06-8522; Title: Izravna oporaba komunalne otpadne vode za navodnjavanje membranskim tehnologijama; Acronym: ReHOHMem; Leader: Davor Dolar; Jurisdiction: Croatia; Funder: HRZZ; Funding stream: PKP
• Project: Number: IP-2014-09-2353; Title: Sudbina farmaceutika u okolišu i tijekom naprednih postupaka obrade voda; Title: Fate of pharmaceuticals in the environment and during advanced wastewater treatment; Acronym: PharmaFate; Leader: Sandra Babić; Jurisdiction: Croatia; Funder: HRZZ; Funding stream: IP
• Study programme: Title: Chemical Engineering - Undergraduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Closed access
• Created on: 2023-05-24 12:51:11