Primjena visoko-protočne glikomike u istraživanju novih biomarkera bolesti i starenja

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Application of a high-throughput glycomics for finding new biomarkers of ageing and diseases
• Author: Marija Šiprak
• Mentor: Silvana Raić-Malić (mentor)
• Mentor: Gordan Lauc (komentor)
• Committee member: Silvana Raić-Malić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Silvija Maračić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Gordan Lauc (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019-09-17, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Chemistry

Abstract

Sve je jasnije da je za liječenje ili sprječavanje mnogobrojnih bolesti, uz mehanizam nastanka bolesti, potrebno razumjeti i interakciju vanjskih i unutarnjih faktora. Mnogi od tih faktora djeluju putem imunološkog sustava, a ključne molekule u njemu su imunoglobulini. U normalnim uvjetima imunoglobulini sudjeluju u učinkovitoj obrani organizma, ali u slučaju pogreške u njihovom radu, mogu posredno ili neposredno uzrokovati čitav spektar različitih bolesti, kao što su autoimune, aloimune i zarazne bolesti pa čak i tumori. Imunoglobulini su u svojoj osnovi proteini čija su strukturna i funkcijska svojstva definirana genima, ali sadrže i promjenjivi glikanski dio. Upravo struktura glikanskog djela određuje složene dinamičke interakcije između brojnih genetičkih i okolišnih faktora te je, osim genima, određena i životnim stilom pojedinca te okolišem u kojem živi. Zbog svoje jedinstvene kompozicije imunoglobulini se svrstavaju u skupinu glikoproteina koji nastaju procesom glikozilacije, jednom od najsloženijih post-translacijskih modifikacija. Mnogim istraživanjima je utvrđeno da su varijacije u glikozilaciji proteina povezane s različitim bolestima te da imaju važne posljedice za mnoge biološke procese pri čemu se promjene u glikozilaciji mogu javiti i nekoliko godina prije pojave prvih simptoma bolesti. Potaknuti navedenim otkrićima, znanstvenici su razvili niz biomarkera zdravlja i bolesti koji su omogućili brže otkrivanje i uspješnije liječenje oboljelih. Utjecaj glikoproteina na biološke procese i stanja bolesti neprestano raste i pri tome potiče razvoj analitičkih metoda za bolje razumijevanje biokemije i složene strukture glikana. Budući da su dosad otkriveni biomarkeri proučavani primjenom glikoanalitičkih tehnologija neprikladnih za upotrebu u kliničkoj dijagnostici, razvoj pouzdanih, pristupačnih, visoko razlučivih (high throughput, HTP) glikomskih tehnologija bio je od presudne važnosti, ali se i dalje radi na poboljšanu postojećih i otkrivanju novih.

Abstract (english)

It is becoming clear that in order to treat or prevent many diseases, in addition to the mechanism of the disease, it is necessary to understand the interaction of external and internal factors. Many of these factors work through the immune system, and the key molecules in it are immunoglobulins. Under normal conditions, immunoglobulins participate in the effective defense of the organism, but in the event of an error in their work, they can directly or indirectly cause the full spectrum of various diseases, such as autoimmune, alloimmune and infectious diseases and even cancer. Immunoglobulins are basically proteins whose structural and functional properties are defined by genes, but they also contain a variable glycan moiety. It is precisely the structure of a glycan moiety that determines the complex dynamic interactions between a number of genetic and environmental factors and, in addition to genes, is determined by the individual's lifestyle and the environment in which he or she lives in. Due to their unique composition, immunoglobulins are classified as a group of glycoproteins which are formed by the glycosylation process, one of the most complex post-translational modifications. Many studies have found that variations in protein glycosylation are associated with various diseases and have important consequences for many biological processes, while changes in glycosylation can even occur several years before the onset of the first symptoms of the disease. Encouraged by these findings, scientists have developed a range of biomarkers of health and disease that have enabled faster detection and better healing of patients. The impact of glycoproteins on biological processes and disease states is steadily increasing, and is encouraging the development of analytical methods to better understand the biochemistry and complex structure of glycans. Since biomarkers discovered to date have been studied using glycoanalytic technologies unsuitable for clinical diagnostics, the development of reliable, affordable, high-resolution, HTP glycomic technologies has been crucial, there is still work being done to improve existing ones and discover new ones.

• Keywords: glikomika; bolesti; zdravlje; imunoglobulini; glikozilacija; glikani; glikoanalitičke tehnologije
• Keywords (english): glycomics; diseases; health; immunoglobulins; glycosylation; glycans; glycoanalytic technologies
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:557400
• Study programme: Title: Applied Chemistry - Undergraduate study; specializations in: Environmental chemistry and green technologies, Advanced materials and technologies, Applied organic chemistry; Course: Applied organic chemistry; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) primijenjene kemije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) primijenjene kemije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Closed access
• Created on: 2023-05-29 09:33:02