Sinteza pentilnih estera masnih kiselina i primjenska svojstva mješavina s mineralnim dizelom

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Synthesis of fatty acid pentyl esters and application properties of their blends with mineral diesel
• Author: Lucija Rajković
• Mentor: Fabio Faraguna (mentor)
• Committee member: Fabio Faraguna (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Elvira Vidović (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Kristina Zagajski Kučan (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-09-20, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering

Abstract

Potraga za održivim izvorima energije potaknula je preispitivanje tradicionalnih goriva, potičući pojavu alternativa koje pridonose očuvanju okoliša. Za razliku od konvencionalnog dizelskog goriva koje se uglavnom dobiva iz fosilnih izvora, biodizel je privukao značajnu pažnju zbog svoje sposobnosti umanjivanja negativnih utjecaja koje na okoliš imaju emisije stakleničkih plinova i smanjenja ovisnosti o neobnovljivim resursima. Biodizel je obnovljivo gorivo dobiveno iz bioloških izvora poput biljnih ulja, životinjskih masti i otpadnih ulja za kuhanje. U ovome radu biodizel je sintetiziran iz otpadnog ulja za kuhanje dobivenog nakon prženja i alkohola 1-pentanola uz katalizator KOH procesom transesterifikacije. Sintetizirani biodizel je nakon pročišćavanja pomiješan s neaditiviranim mineralnim dizelom u različitim volumnim udjelima (2,5-20 vol. %). Uz sustav dizel-biodizel kao usporedni sustavi pripremljene su mješavine dizela i 1-pentanola te biodizela i 1-pentanola u različitim volumnim omjerima (2,5-20 vol. %). Ispitana su svojstva površinske napetosti, gustoće, viskoznosti, provedena je toplinska analiza diferencijalnom pretražnom kalorimetrijom, kao i ispitivanje niskotemperaturnih svojstava maglišta i tecišta. Izmjereni rezultati za napetost površine mješavina ne mijenjaju se s promjenom volumnih udjela komponenata FAPE i dizela. Rezultati gustoće i viskoznosti pokazuju povećanje svih vrijednosti s povećanjem volumnog udjela biodizela FAPE, no sve su vrijednosti unutar normiranih granica. Proučavanjem niskotemperaturnih svojstava rezultati maglišta i tecišta pokazuju ujednačenost i bliskost vrijednostima čistog dizela, odnosno dodatak FAPE u dizel do 20 vol.% ne utječe na pogoršanje niskotemperaturnih svojstava dizelskog goriva.

Abstract (english)

The search for sustainable energy sources has spurred a reevaluation of traditional fuels, giving rise to alternatives that offer greater ecological benefits. Unlike conventional diesel fuel, primarily derived from fossil sources, biodiesel has garnered significant attention due to its ability to mitigate the negative impacts of greenhouse gas emissions and reduce dependence on non-renewable resources. Biodiesel is a renewable fuel derived from biological sources like vegetable oils, animal fats, and waste cooking oils. In this paper, biodiesel is synthesized from waste cooking oil and alcohol 1-pentanol using KOH as a catalyst via the transesterification process. The synthesized biodiesel is upon purification blended with non-additivated mineral diesel in varying volume fractions. In addition to diesel-biodiesel blends as comparative systems, mixtures of diesel and 1-pentanol, as well as biodiesel and 1-pentanol in different volume fractions, were prepared. Surface tension, viscosity, and density were the examined properties, while DSC thermal analysis was performed, along with an investigation of the low-temperature properties of cloud point and pour point. The results for surface tension are consistent regardless of the changing volume fractions of the FAPE and diesel components. The examined density and viscosity results show an increase in values with increasing volume fraction of biodiesel FAPE, but all values remain within the standardized limits. The study of low-temperature properties reveals that cloud point and pour point results are consistent and close in values to the pure diesel, i.e. the addition of FAPE to diesel up to 20 vol.% does not negatively affect the low-temperature properties of diesel fuel.

• Keywords: dizel; biodizel; transesterifikacija; gustoća; viskoznost; maglište; tecište
• Keywords (english): diesel; biodiesel; transesterification; density; viscosity; cloud point; pour point
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:192885
• Project: Number: UIP-2019-04-5242; Title: Razvoj funkcionalnih biogoriva i (bio)aditiva te ispitivanje primjenskih svojstava mješavina s mineralnim gorivima; Title: Development of functional biofuels and (bio)additives and characterization of blends with mineral fuels; Acronym: FunBioFA; Leader: Fabio Faraguna; Jurisdiction: Croatia; Funder: HRZZ; Funding stream: UIP
• Study programme: Title: Applied Chemistry - Undergraduate study; specializations in: Environmental chemistry and green technologies, Advanced materials and technologies, Applied organic chemistry; Course: Applied organic chemistry; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) primijenjene kemije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) primijenjene kemije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Embargoed access; Embargo expiration date: 2028-01-01
• Created on: 2023-11-28 16:39:11