Ekstrakcija bioaktivnih komponenti iz smilja niskotemperaturnim eutektičkim otapalima

master's thesis

• Title (english): Extraction of bioactive components from immortelle by deep eutectic solvents
• Author: Melani Draganjac
• Mentor: Marko Rogošić (mentor)
• Committee member: Marko Rogošić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Kristina Zagajski Kučan (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Maja Bival Štefan (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-02-23, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering

Abstract

Cilj ovog rada je bilo primijeniti niskotemperaturna eutektička otapala, tzv. „zelena otapala“ za ekstrakciju bioaktivnih komponenti iz smilja kao zamjenu za konvencionalna organska otapala, koja mogu biti štetna i za okoliš i za ljude. Ispitivani su DES-ovi na bazi kolin-klorida (ChCl) i etilen-glikola (EG) te betaina (B) i etilen-glikola (EG). Za obje vrste DES-ova istraženi su molarni omjeri HBA:HBD 1:3, 1:4 i 1:5. Ekstrahirani su polifenolni spojevi: fenolne kiseline, flavonoidi i treslovine iz smilja. Smilje, (lat. Helichrysum italicum) je vrijedna ljekovita biljka koja je među širom populacijom najpoznatija po svojoj sposobnosti za regeneraciju kože i prisutna je u mnogim kozmetičkim proizvodima luksuznih brendova kao i u industriji parfema zbog svojeg karakterističnog mirisa. Određivanje sadržaja polifenolnih spojeva provedeno je prema postupcima iz Europske farmakopeje, UV/VIS spektrofotometrijom. Za fenolne kiseline i flavonoide određen je ekstrakcijski kapacitet procesom višestupanjske ekstrakcije. Nadalje, određena je koncentracija cikorijske kiseline, derivata kafeinske kiseline, u različitim ekstraktima cvijeta smilja metodom tekućinske kromatografije visoke djelotvornosti (HPLC, engl. high-performance liquid chromatography). Na temelju eksperimentalnih podataka o ekstrakciji fenolnih kiselina najboljim se pokazao DES B:EG 1:5 s najvećom dodanom masom suhe tvari smilja. Najlošijim se pokazao B:EG 1:3 s najmanjom dodanom masom suhe tvari smilja. Za određivanje flavonoida najboljim se pokazao B:EG 1:3 s najvećom masom, a najlošijim ChCl:EG 1:5 s najvećom masom smilja. Za određivanje sadržaja treslovina najboljim se prikazao ChCl:EG 1:4 s najmanjom masom smilja, a najlošijim ChCl:EG 1:3 s najvećom masom. Zbog prevelikih oscilacija sadržaja treslovina, ekstrakcijski kapacitet određivao se samo za fenolne kiseline i flavonoide. Zaključeno je da je ravnotežni ekstrakcijski kapacitet postignut u 1. stupnju i za fenolne kiseline i flavonoide. Osim toga, tekućinskom kromatografijom visoke djelotvornosti određena je koncentracija cikorijske kiseline. Najveću koncentraciju imao je uzorak ChCl:EG 1:5 s najvećom masom, a najmanju ChCl:EG 1:4 s najmanjom masom suhe tvari smilja.

Abstract (english)

The aim of this work was to apply deep eutectic solvents, "green solvents", for the extraction of bioactive components from immortelle as a substitute for conventional organic solvents, which may be harmful to both the environment and humans. DESs based on choline chloride (ChCl) and ethylene glycol (EG) and betaine (B) and ethylene glycol (EG) were tested. HBA:HBD molar ratios of 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5 were used for both types of DESs. Polyphenolic compounds were extracted: phenolic acids, flavonoids and tannins from immortelle. Immortelle (lat. Helichrysum italicum) is a valuable medicinal plant that is best known among the wider population for its ability to regenerate the skin and is present in many cosmetic products of high-end brands as well as in the perfume industry due to its characteristic smell. The determination of the content of polyphenolic compounds was carried out according to the procedures of the European Pharmacopoeia, by UV/VIS spectrophotometry. For phenolic acids and flavonoids, the extraction capacity was determined by a multi-stage extraction process. Furthermore, the concentration of chicory acid, a derivative of caffeic acid, in different immortelle flower extracts was determined using the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Based on the experimental data on the extraction of phenolic acids, DES B:EG 1:5 with the highest added mass of immortelle dry matter proved to be the best. B:EG 1:3 proved to be the worst, with the smallest added mass of immortelle dry matter. For the determination of flavonoids, B:EG 1:3 with the largest mass was the best, and ChCl:EG 1:5 with the largest mass of immortelle was the worst. ChCl:EG 1:4 with the smallest mass of immortelle was the best, and ChCl:EG 1:3 with the largest mass was the worst. Due to excessive fluctuations in the content of tannins, the extraction capacity was determined only for phenolic acids and flavonoids. It was concluded that the equilibrium extraction capacity was reached in the 1st stage for both phenolic acids and flavonoids.
In addition, the concentration of chicory acid was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The sample ChCl:EG 1:5 with the highest mass had the highest concentration, and ChCl:EG 1:4 with the lowest mass of immortelle dry matter had the lowest concentration.

• Keywords: konvencionalna organska otapala; DES; zelena otapala; fenolne kiseline; flavonoidi; treslovine; HPLC; cikorijska kiselina
• Keywords (english): conventional organic solvents; DES; green solvents; phenolic acids; flavonoids; tannins; HPLC; chicory acid
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:059288
• Study programme: Title: Chemical Engineering - Graduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva (sveučilišni/a magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-02-29 09:10:26