Ekstrakcija smjese farmaceutika iz sedimenta raspršenjem sedimenta kroz čvrstu fazu primjenom polimera s otiskom molekule sulfametoksazola

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Extraction of pharmaceutical mixture from sediment by sediment solid-phase dispersion and sulfametoxazole imprinted polymer
• Author: Karla Petek
• Mentor: Dragana Mutavdžić Pavlović (mentor)
• Committee member: Dragana Mutavdžić Pavlović (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Kristina Tolić Čop (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ivana Sokol (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-09-11, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Chemistry

Abstract

U današnje vrijeme prisutna je široka primjena i velika potrošnja farmaceutika zbog čega farmaceutici sve više dospijevaju u okoliš i na taj način negativno utječu na cijeli ekosustav. Povećanjem koncentracije farmaceutika u vodenim tokovima dolazi i do njihovog nakupljanja u slojevima tla, ali i sedimenta. S obzirom na sve veću zabrinutost potrebno je razviti metode za detekciju farmaceutskih spojeva u okolišu kako njihova povećana koncentracija ne bi utjecaja na kvalitetu ljudskog zdravlja. U ovom završnom radu detaljno je opisana optimizacija postupka raspršenja sedimenta kroz čvrstu fazu za ekstrakciju smjese dvanaest farmaceutskih spojeva (amoksicilin, atenolol, prokain, ofloksacin, sulfametazin, sulfametoksazol, torasemid, karbamazepin, deksametazon, ß-estradiol, diazepam i diklofenak). Učinkovitost metode određena je tekućinskom kromatografijom visoke učinkovitosti vezanom na detektor s nizom dioda. Ekstrakcija je provedena uz pomoć različitih otapala i njihovih kombinacija kako bi se postigli optimalni uvjeti, a kao najbolja kombinacija pokazala se smjesa natrijevog hidroksida i metanola. Za optimalne uvjete ekstrakcije farmaceutika odabrana je kombinacija 0,1 M natrijevog hidroksida i metanola u omjeru 2:8, volumena 5 mL na sorbensu C18. Nakon optimizacije parametara, isti su primijenjeni i za ekstrakciju raspršenja sedimenta kroz čvrstu fazu uz polimer s otiskom molekule sulfametoksazola. Obje spomenute metode su validirane te primijenjene na realne uzorke sedimenta, pokazujući svoju učinkovitost u identifikaciji i kvantifikaciji farmaceutika. Primjena polimera s otiskom sulfametoksazola znatno je poboljšala učinkovitost metode, posebice u slučaju sulfametoksazola.

Abstract (english)

Nowadays, the use and consumption of pharmaceuticals widespread, which leads to their increasing presence in the environment and thus has a negative impact on the entire ecosystem. The increasing concentration of pharmaceuticals rising in water bodies leads to their accumulation in soil layers and sediments. Due to the growing concern, it is crucial to develop methods to detect pharmaceutical compounds in the environment in order to prevent their increased concentration from affecting human health. This thesis comprehensively describes the optimization of a solid-phase dispersion method for extracting a mixture of twelve pharmaceutical compounds (amoxicillin, atenolol, procaine, ofloxacin, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, torasemide, carbamazepine, dexamethasone, ß-estradiol, diazepam, and diclofenac). The method's efficacy was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector. The extraction was carried out with different solvents and their combinations in order to achieve optimal conditions, with the mixture of sodium hydroxide and methanol proving to be the best combination. For optimal extraction conditions, a solvent combination of 0.1 M sodium hydroxide and methanol in a ratio of 2:8, with a volume of 5 mL on a C18 sorbent was chosen. After parameter optimization, these were also applied for the extraction by sediment solid-phase dispersion with the sulfametoxazole imprinted polymer. Both method were validated and applied to real sediment samples, demonstrating their effictiveness in pharmaceutical identification and quantification. In order to achieve optimal utilization of all pharmaceuticals, the application of the sulfametoxazole imprinted polymer of considarable importance, especially in the case of sulfametoxazole.

• Keywords: raspršenje sedimenta kroz čvrstu fazu; sediment; farmaceutici; polimer s otiskom molekule sulfametoksazola; HPLC-DAD
• Keywords (english): matrix-solid phase dispersion; sediments; farmaceuticals; polymer imprinted with sulfamethoxazole molecule; HPLC-DAD
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:501241
• Project: Number: IP-2022-10-4400; Title: Razvoj polimera s otiskom molekula za primjenu u analizi farmaceutika i tijekom naprednih postupaka obrade voda; Title: Development of molecularly imprinted polymers for use in analysis of pharmaceuticals and during advanced water treatment processes; Acronym: MIPdePharma; Leader: Dragana Mutavdžić Pavlović; Jurisdiction: Croatia; Funder: Hrvatska zaklada za znanost; Funding stream: Research Projects
• Study programme: Title: Chemical Engineering - Undergraduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Embargoed access; Embargo expiration date: 2025-09-30
• Created on: 2024-11-12 12:33:23