Utjecaj metakrilatnih polimernih aditiva sintetiziranih u biogorivu na niskotemperaturna svojstva dizelskoga goriva

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Influence of methacrylate polymer additives synthesized in biofuel on the low-temperature properties of diesel fuel
• Author: Rea Biruš
• Mentor: Fabio Faraguna (mentor)
• Committee member: Fabio Faraguna (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Elvira Vidović (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marin Kovačić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-09-12, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering

Abstract

S obzirom na sve veće zahtjeve za poboljšanjem performansi dizelskog goriva, osobito u hladnim uvjetima rada, istraživanje i razvoj inovativnih aditiva za poboljšanje niskotemperaturnih svojstava ključan su aspekt razvoja moderne energetske industrije.
Ovaj rad istražuje utjecaj metakrilatnih polimernih aditiva sintetiziranih u biogorivu na niskotemperaturna svojstva dizelskog goriva. Metakrilatni polimeri, pokazali su se kao učinkovita rješenja zbog svojih kemijskih svojstava koja omogućuju stabilizaciju i poboljšanje fluidnosti goriva pri niskim temperaturama. Metakrilatni aditivi, sintetizirani u biogorivima, ne samo da poboljšavaju operativne karakteristike dizelskog goriva, već i pridonose održivosti smanjenjem potrebe za fosilnim resursima. Istraživanje uključuje sintezu ukupno šest metakrilatnih aditiva, na osnovi benzil metakrilata uz oktadecil, dodecil te 2-(tert-butilamino) etil metakrilata. Cilj rada bio je sintetizirani polimerne aditive u svrhu poboljšanja niskotemperaturnih svojstava. Polimerni aditivi su sintetizirani u biodizelu kao biootapalu, a rad istražuje i utjecaj različitih prosjeka molekulskih masa na niskotemperaturna svojstva. Upoređivana je i sinteza s komercijalnom reakcijom u toluenu. Polimeri su sintetizirani radikalskom polimerizacijom u otopini toluena uz Peroxan PO 70 kao inicijator te uz n-dodecil merkaptan kao prijenosnik lanca. Sintetiziranim polimerima potvrđena je struktura pomoću 1H nuklearne magnetske rezonancije. Kromatografijom na propusnom gelu određen je prosjek molekulskih masa polimernih aditiva. Nadalje, formulacijama dizelskog goriva s aditivima određena je i gustoća i viskoznost. Toplinska svojstva, odnosno temperatura kristalizacije i promjena entalpije kristalizacije aditiva te formulacija aditiva s dizelskim gorivom ispitana su metodom diferencijalne pretražne kalorimetrije. Provedeno je mjerenje temperatura tecišta smjesa aditiviranog dizelskog goriva, a praćen je i utjecaj aditiva na morfologiju i veličinu kristala n-parafina pomoću mikroskopa s polarizacijom dok se smjesa hladila postoljem s hlađenjem.

Abstract (english)

In response to the increasing demands for enhancing the performance of diesel fuels, particularly under cold operating conditions, exploring innovative additives to improve low-temperature properties has become a crucial aspect of modern energy industry development. This study focuses on the impact of metacrylate-based polymer additives synthesized in biodiesel on the low-temperature properties of diesel fuel. Metacrylate polymers are effective solutions due to their chemical properties that facilitate the stabilization and improvement of fuel fluidity at low temperatures. Metacrylate additives, synthesized in biodiesel, not only enhance the operational characteristics of diesel fuel but also contribute to sustainability by reducing the reliance on fossil resources. The research involves the synthesis of a total of six methacrylate additives based on benzyl methacrylate, along with octadecyl, dodecyl, and 2-(tert-butylamino) ethyl methacrylate. The aim of the study was to synthesize polymer additives for the purpose of improving low-temperature properties. Polymeric additives were synthesized in biodiesel as a biosolvent, and the work also investigates the influence of different distribution of molecular masses on low-temperature properties. The synthesis was also compared with a commercial reaction in toluene. The polymers were synthesized by radical polymerization in a toluene solution using Peroxan PO 70 as the initiator and N-dodecyl mercaptan Š-18DTND719 as the chain transfer agent. The structure of the synthesized polymers was confirmed using 1H Nuclear magnetic resonance. Gel permeation chromatography was used to determine the molecular weight range of the polymer additives. Additionally, the density and viscosity of the diesel fuel formulations with additives were also measured. The thermal properties, specifically the crystallization temperature and the change in crystallization enthalpy of the additives and their formulations with diesel fuel, were examined using differential scanning calorimetry.
The pour point temperatures of the diesel fuel mixtures with additives were measured, and the effect of the additives on the morphology and size of n-paraffin crystals was monitored using a polarized light microscope while the mixture was cooled by a cooling stage.

• Keywords: polimerni aditivi; metakrilatni aditivi; biodizel; dizelsko gorivo; niskotemperaturna svojstva; točka tečenja; prijenosnik lanca; tert-butilaminoetil metakrilat
• Keywords (english): polymer additives; methacrylate additives; biodiesel; diesel fuel; low-temperature properties; pour point; chain transfer agent; tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylate
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:546749
• Project: Number: UIP-2019-04-5242; Title: Razvoj funkcionalnih biogoriva i (bio)aditiva te ispitivanje primjenskih svojstava mješavina s mineralnim gorivima; Title: Development of functional biofuels and (bio)additives and characterization of blends with mineral fuels; Acronym: FunBioFA; Leader: Fabio Faraguna; Jurisdiction: Croatia; Funder: Hrvatska zaklada za znanost; Funding stream: Installation Research Projects
• Study programme: Title: Applied Chemistry - Undergraduate study; specializations in: Environmental chemistry and green technologies, Advanced materials and technologies, Applied organic chemistry; Course: Advanced materials and technologies; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) primijenjene kemije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) primijenjene kemije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Embargoed access; Embargo expiration date: 2027-01-01
• Created on: 2024-11-14 12:22:07