Potpomognuta ekstrakcija biflavonoida iz listova Ginkgo biloba L.

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Assisted extraction of biflavonoids from the Ginkgo biloba L. leaves
• Author: Lina Šepić
• Mentor: Anita Šalić (mentor)
• Committee member: Anita Šalić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Bruno Zelić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Dunja Šamec (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-09-13, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering

Abstract

Biljke proizvode strukturno raznovrsne specijalizirane metabolite, koji su se razvili u različitim biljnim vrstama i predstavljaju prilagodbu specifičnim ekološkim situacijama. Flavonoidni dimeri, poznatiji pod nazivom biflavonoidi, sastoje se od dva identična ili različita flavonoidna monomera. U odnosu na monomere, manje su istraženi i pokazuju različitu biološku aktivnost, a u zadnje vrijeme je prepoznat njihov farmakološki potencijal. Kako bi se biflavonoidi mogli koristiti kao antibakterijsko, protuupalno, antialergijsko, antimutageno, antiviralno, ili antikarcenogeno sredstvo, potrebno ih je izolirati iz prirodnih izvora. U ovom radu istražene su različite metode ekstrakcije biflavonoida iz listova ginka, uključujući konvencionalnu ekstrakciju sa 70% etanolom, te ekstrakciju sa 70% etanolom potpomognutu ultrazvukom, mehanički, enzimski (smjesa lignocelulitičkih enzima: celulaza, lakaza, ksilanaza) i kemijski. Morfološka analiza praha prije i nakon ekstrakcije provedena je pomoću skenirajućeg elektronskog mikroskopa (SEM). Ukupan sadržaj polifenola, fenolnih kiselina i flavonoida određen je spektrofotometrijski u ekstraktima, a biflavonoidi su identificirani i kvantificirani HPLC-DAD analizom. Rezultati istraživanja biflavonoida ukazali su kako se unutar prvih 5 minuta ekstrakcija vidi značajna razlika između različitih metoda ekstrakcije. Svaka potpomognuta ekstrakcija rezultirala je povećanjem učinkovitosti ekstrakcije biflavonoida, pri čemu je korištenjem enzimske potpomognute ekstrakcije zabilježeno i 50% povećanje koncentracije biflavonida u ekstraktima u odnosu na ekstrakciju provedenu samo sa 70% etanolom. Kada je ekstrakcija provedena u vremenu od 45 min, najbolji rezultati ekstrakcije biflavonoida dobiveni su korištenjem 70% etanola potpomognutog ultrazvukom i enzimom.

Abstract (english)

Plants produce various specialized metabolites that have evolved in different species due to adaptation to specific ecological conditions. Flavonoid dimers or biflavonoids consist of two identical or different flavonoid monomers. These compounds are less researched than the monomers and have different biological activities, although their pharmacological potential has recently been increasingly recognized. In order for biflavonoids to be used as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antimutagenic, antiviral or anticarcinogenic agents, it is necessary to isolate them from natural sources. In this study, different methods for the extraction of biflavonoids from ginkgo leaves were investigated, including conventional extraction in 70% ethanol, ultrasound-assisted (UAE + 70% ethanol), mechanically assisted (MAE + 70% ethanol), chemically assisted (CAE + 70% ethanol) and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE + 70% ethanol) using a mixture of lignocellulolytic enzymes (cellulase, laccase, xylanase). Morphological analysis of the powder before and after extraction was performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The total content of polyphenols, phenolic acids and flavonoids in the extracts was determined spectrophotometrically, while the biflavonoids were identified and quantified by HPLC-DAD analysis. The study showed significant differences in extraction efficiency within the first 5 minutes between the different methods. Assisted extraction techniques significantly increased the efficiency of biflavonoid extraction, with enzyme-assisted extraction yielding a 50% increase in biflavonoid concentration compared to extraction with 70% ethanol alone. The most effective results were obtained with the UAE + 70% ethanol and EAE + 70% ethanol methods when the extraction was performed for 45 minutes.

• Keywords: potpomognuta ekstrakcija; biflavonidi; ginko
• Keywords (english): assisted extraction; biflavonoids; ginkgo
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:948912
• Project: Number: UIP-2019-04-1018; Title: Uloga biflavonoida u biljkama: Gingko biloba L. kao modelni sustav; Title: Biflavonoids role in plants: Gingko biloba L. as a model system; Acronym: GinkoBiFlav; Leader: Dunja Šamec; Jurisdiction: Croatia; Funder: Hrvatska zaklada za znanost; Funding stream: Installation Research Projects
• Study programme: Title: Environmental Engineering - Undergraduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka ekoinženjerstva (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka ekoinženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-11-14 15:31:27