Removal of impurities from mixed origin pyrolytic oil

master's thesis

• Title (croatian): Uklanjanje nečistoća iz pirolitičkog ulja miješanog podrijetla
• Author: Mirjana Cestarić
• Mentor: Zvonimir Katančić (mentor)
• Mentor: Aleksandra Sander (komentor)
• Committee member: Zvonimir Katančić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Aleksandra Sander (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Maja Fabulić- Ruszkowski (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Granter: University of Split; Faculty of Chemistry and Technology; Split
• Defense date and country: 2024-10-30, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering

Abstract

Demographic growth and increasing industrialization have recently affected the increased demand for fuels, so oil and fossil fuel stocks are decreasing each day, and their alternatives are being sought. Pyrolytic oil, as a product of pyrolysis, has similar composition and properties to oil. By distillation it is separated into fractions, whereby the light fraction is similar in composition to gasoline, and the medium fraction to diesel. Due to the higher concentration of impurities in pyrolytic oil, it requires pretreatment, i.e. purification. Currently, the most promising method due to its simplicity, high efficiency and economic acceptability is extraction with Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES). Accordingly, the aim of this thesis is to reduce impurities to a minimum in pyrolytic oil fractions by extraction, and also by blending purified fractions with gasoline and diesel fuel to obtain a blend (alternative fuel) of adequate characteristics, within the limits of standards for the commercial market. The effectiveness of four different DESs prepared from choline chloride, ethylene glycol, glycerol and K2CO3 was tested. The influence of three solvent to oil mass ratios (0.1:1, 0.25:1, 0.5:1) was examined using two different temperatures (room temperature and 40°C). Concentrations of nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine and total acid number were monitored. Using the Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method, quantitative changes in the groups of olefins, paraffins and aromatics were monitored. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) method confirmed the insolubility of the selected DES in the pyrolytic oil fractions. Based on the obtained results, the best DES, mass ratio and temperature were selected, and after the final purification, the fractions were blended with gasoline and diesel fuel. Finally, even though the selected blend of 97 wt.% gasoline and diesel with 3 wt.% light and medium purified pyrolytic oil fractions met the standards, the chlorine was still present in the blend, which is unacceptable for the commercial use.

Abstract (croatian)

Demografski rast i sve veća industrijalizacija nedavno su utjecali na povećanje potražnja za gorivima, pa se zalihe nafte i fosilnih goriva svakim danom smanjuju, a traže se njihove alternative. Pirolitičko ulje, kao produkt pirolize, ima sličan sastav i svojstva kao ulje. Destilacijom se odvaja na frakcije pri čemu laka frakcija je po sastavu slična benzinu, a srednja frakcija dizelu. Zbog veće koncentracije nečistoća u pirolitičkom ulju, ono zahtijeva predtretman, tj. pročišćavanje. Trenutno, metoda koja najviše obećava zbog svoje jednostavnosti, visoke učinkovitosti i ekonomske prihvatljivosti je ekstrakcija dubokim eutektičkim otapalima (DES). Sukladno tome, cilj ovog rada je smanjiti nečistoće u pirolitičkom ulju na najmanju moguću mjeru frakcija ekstrakcijom, kao i miješanjem pročišćenih frakcija s benzinom i dizelom goriva za dobivanje mješavine (alternativnog goriva) odgovarajućih karakteristika, unutar granica standarde za komercijalno tržište. Ispitana je djelotovornost četiri različita pripremljena DES-a iz kolin klorida, etilen glikola, glicerola i K2CO3. Ispitan je utjecaj tri omjera mase otapala i ulja (0,1:1, 0,25:1, 0,5:1) na dvije različite temperature (sobna temperatura i 40°C). Praćene su koncentracije dušika, sumpora, klora i ukupni kiselinski broj. Kvantitativne promjene u skupinama olefina, parafina i aromata utvrđene su metodom nuklearne magnetske rezonancije (NMR). Metoda infracrvene spektroskopije Fourierove transformacije (FTIR) potvrdila je netopljivost odabranog DES u frakcijama pirolitičkog ulja. Na temelju dobivenih rezultata odabran je najbolji DES, omjer mase i temperature, a nakon konačnog pročišćavanja, frakcije su pomiješane s benzinom i dizel gorivom. Iako je odabrana mješavina 97 mas.% benzina i dizela s 3 mas.% laganog i srednje pročišćene frakcije pirolitičkog ulja zadovoljava standarde, klor je i dalje bio prisutan u mješavini, što je neprihvatljivo za komercijalnu upotrebu.

• Keywords: pyrolytic oil; DES; extraction; solvent to oil mass ratios; gasoline; diesel fuel; blend
• Keywords (croatian): pirolitičko ulje; DES; ekstrakcija; omjer mase otapala i ulja; benzin; dizelsko gorivo; mješavina
• Language: english
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:885642
• Study programme: Title: Chemical and environmental technology - graduate - university; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva (sveučilišni/a magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Closed access
• Created on: 2024-11-19 14:48:37