Obrada voda naprednom osmozom

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Water treatment by forward osmosis
• Author: Gabrijela Biloš
• Mentor: Krešimir Košutić (mentor)
• Committee member: Krešimir Košutić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Davor Dolar (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Danijela Ašperger (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016-09-12, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering; Mechanical, Thermal and Separation Processes

Abstract

Napredna osmoza je osmotski vođen membranski proces koji koristi gradijent osmotskog tlaka kako bi potaknuo fluks vode kroz polupropusnu membranu iz pojne kapljevine (s nižim osmotskim tlakom) u osmotsko sredstvo (s višim osmotskim tlakom). Transport molekula vode omogućava postizanje ravnoteže između ta dva sustava. U radu se objašnjavaju izazovi vezani za naprednu osmozu kao: vanjska i unutrašnja koncentracijska polarizacija, reverzna difuzija soli i blokiranje membrana. Također, opisuju se do sada najučinkovitiji načini smanjenja navedenih problema. Zahtjevi koje bi trebalo ispuniti idealno osmotsko sredstvo su brojni: visoki osmotski tlak, minimalna reverzna difuzija, mala molekulska masa i niska viskoznost, jednostavna regeneracija, lako rukovanje, kompatibilnost s membranom te da ne smije biti toksično. Postoje dodatni zahtjevi i za ''idealne'' membrane pa one moraju omogućiti visoki fluks vode, visoko odbacivanje tvari iz pojne kapljevine i osmotskog sredstva, moraju imati nisku koncentracijsku polarizaciju, visoku kemijsku otpornost, visoku mehaničku robusnost, a blokiranje mora biti što manje. Posljedično, razvijen je velik broj različitih osmotskih sredstava i membrana koje u većoj ili manjoj mjeri ispunjavaju navedene zahtjeve. Napredna osmoza kao nova tehnologija ima različite primjene od kojih se mogu istaknuti: desalinacija, obrada otpadnih voda, prehrambena i farmaceutska industrija i proizvodnja električne energije.

Abstract (english)

Forward osmosis is osmotically driven membrane process that uses the osmotic pressure gradient to encourage the flux of water through a semi-permeable membrane from feed solution (low osmotic pressure) to draw solution (high osmotic pressure). Transportation of water molecules allows a balance between the two systems. This paper explains the challenges related to forward osmosis such as: external and internal concentration polarization, reverse solute diffusion and membrane fouling. The most effective ways, so far, to reduce these problems are also described. Requirements that the draw solution should fulfill are numerous: high osmotic pressure, minimal reverse diffusion, low molecular weight and low viscosity, easy recovery, easy manipulation, compatibility with the membrane and zero toxicity. In addition, there are requirements for an ideal membrane: they must provide a high flux of water, high rejection of substances from the feed solution and the draw solution, low concentration polarization, high chemical resistance, high mechanical robustness and low fouling. Therefore, different osmotic agents and membranes that more or less meet these requirements, have been developed. Forward osmosis as new technology has different applications, some of which can be highlighted: desalination, wastewater treatment, food and pharmaceutical industry and power generation.

• Keywords: napredna osmoza; desalinacija; obrada otpadnih voda; koncentracijska polarizacija
• Keywords (english): forward osmosis; desalination; wastewater treatment; concentration polarization
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:204998
• Study programme: Title: Environmental Engineering - Undergraduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka ekoinženjerstva (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka ekoinženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-02-05 09:32:38