Tehnologija desalinacije korištenjem solarne i vjetro energije

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Water desalination technology using solar and wind energy
• Author: Ivona Filipović
• Mentor: Zvonimir Glasnović (mentor)
• Committee member: Zvonimir Glasnović (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Juraj Šipušić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Igor Sutlović (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2015-09-14, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Basic Technical Sciences; Energetics

Abstract

Povećani utrošak energije za pretvorbu onečišćenih voda u vodu upotrebljivu za piće i industrijske poslove kao posljedicu ima stalno poskupljivanje pitke vode. Tehnologija desalinacije ima veliki prostor za razvoj u moderno doba te postaje jedna od važnijih načina dobivanja vode za piće i poljoprivredu u nekim regijama svijeta. Glavni izvori koji se koriste za proces desalinacije jesu morska voda, slane podzemne vode, rijeke te slana jezera, a osnovni načini dobivanja pitke vode jesu: (1) termalni i (2) membranski procesi. Radom su prikazane tehnologije desalinacije korištenjem solarne i vjetro energije. Dane su metode višestupnjevite flash destilacije (MSF), višestruke destilacije (MED), mehaničke kompresije pare (MVC) i reverzne osmoze (RO). Za odabir najpovoljnijeg procesa desalinacije koja koristi obnovljive izvore energije treba uzeti u obzir niz faktora kao što su: potrebna količina vode, salinitet pojne vode, udaljenost, lokalna klima, vodni resursi, potrošnja, tip i potencijal lokalnog obnovljivog izvora energije. Procjena najpovoljnije metode ovisiti će o ukupnim troškovima za sustav (fotonaponski sustav i metoda desalinacije). Primjena navedenih tehnologija desalinacije korištenjem solarnog zračenja dana je za slučaj otoka Visa. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju da je metoda višestruke destilacije najpovoljnija jer su troškovi ulaganja u fotonaponske kolektore i desalinacijski sustav najmanji. Desalinacija oceanske vode učestala je na Bliskom Istoku, Karibima, u SAD-u, Sjevernoj Africi, Španjolskoj, Australiji i Kini. Prednost je velika dostupnost sirovine, a nedostatak cijena tako proizvedene vode u usporedbi s drugim izvorima slatke vode, jer zahtjeva veliki utrošak energije i skupu opremu.

Abstract (english)

Increased energy consumption for conversion of polluted waters into the water usable for drinking and industrial applications results in a permanent increase of costs of drinking water. Desalination technology can develop more in the modern era and became one of the most important ways of getting water for drinking and agriculture in some regions of the world. The main sources used for the desalination process are sea water, saline groundwater, rivers and salt lakes, and the basic ways of getting potable water are: (1) thermal and (2) membrane processes. The paper presented desalination technologies using solar and wind energy. In paper are described methods as multi-stage flash distillation (MSF), multi-effect distillation (MED), mechanical vapor compression (MVC) and reverse osmosis (RO). To select the winning desalination process using renewable energy sources should take into account a number of factors such as: the required amount of water, the salinity of the water mains, distance, local climate, water resources, energy, type and potential of local renewable energy sources. Assessing the best method will depend on the total cost of the system (photovoltaic system + desalination method). The adoption of these desalination technologies using solar radiation is given to the case of the island Vis. The results show that the method of multi-effect distillation is the best because the costs of investment in photovoltaic panels and desalination system is the lowest. Desalination of ocean water is common in the Middle East, the Caribbean, the US, North Africa, Spain, Australia and China. The advantage is the availability of raw materials and disadvantage is price of the produced water, as compared with other sources of fresh water, as it requires a large expenditure of energy and expensive equipment.

• Keywords: pitka voda; tehnologija desalinacije; solarna energija; vjetro energija
• Keywords (english): drinking water; desalination technologies; solar energy; wind energy
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:490092
• Study programme: Title: Chemical Engineering - Undergraduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2016-11-25 10:25:04