Kompozitne okosnice na temelju hidroksiapatita i biorazgradivih polimera u inženjerstvu koštanog tkiva - literaturni pregled

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Hydroxyapatite - biodegradable polymer composite scaffolds in bone tissue engineering a review
• Author: Arijana Plavanjac
• Mentor: Hrvoje Ivanković (mentor)
• Committee member: Hrvoje Ivanković (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Dajana Milovac (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jasna Prlić Kardum (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2015-09-15, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Basic Technical Sciences; Materials

Abstract

Cilj ovog rada je dati kratki literaturni pregled kompozitnih okosnica na temelju hidroksiapatita i biorazgradivih polimera u inženjerstvu koštanog tkiva. Inženjerstvo tkiva je interdisciplinarno područje inženjerskih i biomedicinskih znanosti usmjereno razvoju bioloških nadomjestaka za obnovu, održavanje i unaprjeđenje funkcije oštećenog tkiva.
U inženjerstvu koštanog tkiva najvažniju ulogu imaju trodimenzionalne okosnice (engl. scaffold) kojima je uloga oponašati strukturna i mehanička svojstva prirodne kosti. Okosnice su zapravo visoko porozne matrice s međusobno povezanim porama, čime se omogućuje velika specifična površina potrebna za adheziju stanica, te vaskularizacija, integracija tkiva i protok hranjivih tvari i metaboličkog otpada kroz okosnicu. Glavne odlike takvih materijala su biokompatibilnost, biorazgradivost, osteoprovodnost i odgovarajuća mehanička svojstva.
Najčešće korištena biokeramika u inženjerstvu koštanog tkiva je hidroksiapatit (HA, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) zbog svoje sličnosti sa anorganskom fazom prirodne kosti. Međutim, osnovni nedostatak okosnica hidroksiapatitne keramike su loša mehanička svojstva. Istraživanja su pokazala da kompozitne okosnice, napravljene od bioaktivne keramike i biorazgradivih polimera, mogu poboljšati karakteristike hidroksiapatitne okosnice i imati svojstva vrlo slična svojstvima prirodnog koštanog tkiva.

Abstract (english)

Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field of engineering and biomedical sciences focused on the development of biological substitutes for the restoration, maintainance and enhancement of tissue function. It is an alternative that replaces existing methods of bone grafting because it reduces the possibility of disease transmission, and the production is possible in unlimited quantities. Studies have shown that the scaffolds made of biodegradable polymer and the bioactive ceramic have the properties of natural hard tissue.
Scaffold materials used in the bone tissue engineering, that mimic the structure and mehanical properties of natural bone, should provide a high porous matrix with interconnected pores that enables vascularization, tissue integration and flow of nutrients and metabolic waste. The main properties of such materials are biocompatibility, biodegradability, osteoconductivity and appropriate mehanical properties.
The synthetic calcium phosphates (hydroxyapatite, HA) is the most commonly used ceramic material in dentistry and bone repair due to their similarity to the inorganic matrix of natural bone. The main disadvantage of the HA scaffolds is their poor mehanical properties. Research has shown that the composite scaffolds, made from bioactive ceramics and biodegradable polymer, can improve the characteristics of the hydroxyapatite scaffold and have properties very similar to those of natural bone tissue.

• Keywords: okosnica; inženjerstvo koštanog tkiva; kompoziti; bioaktivnost; poroznost; biorazgradivost
• Keywords (english): scaffold; bone tissue engineering; composite; bioactivity; porosity; biodegradability
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:484821
• Study programme: Title: Applied Chemistry - Undergraduate study; specializations in: Environmental chemistry and green technologies, Advanced materials and technologies, Applied organic chemistry; Course: Environmental chemistry and green technologies; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) primijenjene kemije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) primijenjene kemije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2016-11-25 13:13:05