Priprava aditiva za goriva na temelju stearinske kiseline

master's thesis

• Title (english): Preparation of fuel aditives based on stearic acid
• Author: Darija Benić
• Mentor: Ante Jukić (mentor)
• Mentor: Fabio Faraguna (komentor)
• Committee member: Ante Jukić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Fabio Faraguna (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marijana Kraljić Roković (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2020-09-29, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Chemistry

Abstract

U ovom radu pripravljeni su aditivi za goriva na temelju stearinske kiseline uz primjenu različitih alkohola. Aditivi su sintetizirani reakcijom esterifikacije koja se odvijala u uljnoj kupelji pri 60 °C tijekom 3,5 h. Kao katalizator korištena je sumporna kiselina te kloroform kao otapalo. Alkoholi odabrani za provedbu sinteze su benzil alkohol, furfuril alkohol te oktanol. Nakon provedene esterifikacije, sintetizirani aditivi pročišćavani su na rotacijskom uparivaču i vakuumskom sušioniku kako bi uklonili neizreagirani alkohol, a za uklanjanje zaostale stearinske kiseline korištena je kolonska kromatografija. Budući da kolonskom kromatografijom stearinska kiselina nije uklonjena u potpunosti, primijenjena je i metoda uklanjanja precipitacijom. Nakon postupaka pročišćavanja aditiva, kako bi se detektirale prisutne funkcionalne skupine u cilju praćenja strukturnih promjena, sintetizirani aditivi analizirani su na FTIR spektrometru, a uzorci su snimljeni ATR metodom. Nakon obrade dobivenih FTIR-ATR spektara, pojedini uzorci aditiva poslani su na analizu na NMR spektrometar gdje je pomoću dobivenih NMR spektara određeno iskorištenje reakcije esterifikacije, čistoća te sastav dobivenih aditiva. Čistoća sintetiziranog benzil stearata nakon pročišćavanja iznosi 87,65 %. Furfuril stearat pokazao je iskorištenje od 6,24 % pri čemu izrazito malo iskorištenje možemo pripisati degradaciji, odnosno prelasku furfurila u drugi spoj uporabom sumporne kiseline.

Abstract (english)

In this paper, fuel additives based on stearic acid were prepared using different alcohols. The additives were synthesized by an esterification reaction which took place in an oil bath at 60 °C for 3,5 h. Sulfuric acid was used as catalyst and chloroform as solvent. The alcohols selected for the synthesis are benzyl alcohol, furfuryl alcohol and octanol. After esterification, the synthesized additives were purified on a rotary evaporator and vacuum dryer to remove unreacted alcohol and column chromatography was used to remove residual stearic acid. Since stearic acid was not completely removed by column chromatography, the removal method by precipitation was also applied. After the additive purification procedure, in order to detect the functional groups present to monitor structural changes, the synthesized additives were analyzed on a FTIR spectrometer, and the samples were recorded by the ATR method. After processing the obtained FTIR-ATR spectra, individual samples of additives have been sent for analysis on a NMR spectrometer where the yield of esterification reaction, purity and composition of the obtained additives were determined using the obtained NMR spectra. The purity of the synthesized benzyl stearate after purification is 87,65 %. Furfuryl stearate showed a yield of 6,24 %, with extremely low yields attributable to the degradation or conversion of furfuryl to another compound using sulfuric acid.

• Keywords: stearinska kiselina; butanol; benzil alkohol; furfuril alkohol; oktanol; esterifikacija; aditiv
• Keywords (english): stearic acid; butanol; benzyl alcohol; furfuryl alcohol; octanol; esterification; additive
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:952366
• Project: Number: UIP-2019-04-5242; Title: Razvoj funkcionalnih biogoriva i (bio)aditiva te ispitivanje primjenskih svojstava mješavina s mineralnim gorivima; Title: Development of functional biofuels and (bio)additives and characterization of blends with mineral fuels; Acronym: FunBioFA; Leader: Fabio Faraguna; Jurisdiction: Croatia; Funder: HRZZ; Funding stream: UIP
• Study programme: Title: Applied Chemistry - Graduate study; specializations in: Environmental chemistry and green technologies, Advanced materials and technologies, Applied organic chemistry; Course: Environmental chemistry and green technologies; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra primijenjene kemije (magistar/magistra primijenjene kemije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Closed access
• Created on: 2022-02-28 15:28:07