Sinteza etilnih i butilnih estera masnih kiselina iz pripadajućih acetata

master's thesis

• Title (english): Synthesis of ethyl and butyl esters of fatty acids from their acetates
• Author: Lora Hariri
• Mentor: Ante Jukić (mentor)
• Mentor: Fabio Faraguna (komentor)
• Committee member: Ante Jukić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Fabio Faraguna (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marin Kovačić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2020-09-29, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Basic Technical Sciences

Abstract

Dostupnost i raspoloživost neobnovljivih izvora energije drastično se smanjuje, a kao posljedica toga, biodizel, dobiven iz obnovljivih izvora energije, postaje sve zanimljiviji. Da bi se unaprijedila proizvodnja biodizela s ekološkog i ekonomskog gledišta, potrebno je istražiti primjenu novih procesa poput interesterifikacije. Interesterifikacija je kemijska reakcija u kojoj ester zamijeni svoju alkoholnu skupinu s drugim esterom, a kao produkti nastaju također esteri. U ovom je radu postupak sinteze biodizela proveden jednostupanjskom reakcijom interesterifikacije jestivog suncokretovog ulja i alkil-acetata (etil-acetata i butil-acetata), upotrebom dva bazična katalizatora, kalijeva hidroksida (KOH) i natrijeva etoksida (C2H5ONa) i jednog kiselog, p-toluensulfonske kiseline (C7H8O8S . H2O). Reakcijski parametari značajni za reakciju interesterifikacije; množinski omjer reaktanata, maseni udio katalizatora, temperatura i vrijeme reakcije, odabrani su na temelju prethodnih istraživanja. Za analizu sintetiziranih produkata nastalih reakcijom interesterifikacije koristili smo nuklearnu magnetsku rezonanciju (1H NMR), prikladnu za praćenje procesa konverzije. Na temelju rezultata analize, kiseli se katalizator (p-toluensulfonska kiselina) pokazao najboljim za dobivanje željenog produkta, postignuta je konverzija od 71,92 %.

Abstract (english)

As the availability of non-renewable energy sources decreases drastically, biodiesel derived from renewable sources is becoming increasingly interesting. In order to improve the production of biodiesel from an ecological and economic point of view, it is necessary to concern new processes such as interesterification process. Interesterification is a chemical reaction in which an ester replaces its alcohol group with another ester, new esters are formed as the reaction product. In this work, the biodiesel synthesis process was carried out by a one-step intereterification of edible sunflower oil with alkyl acetate (ethyl acetate and butyl acetate) in the presence of basic catalysts potassium hydroxide (KOH) and sodium ethoxide (C2H5ONa) and acidic catalyst p-toluenesulfonic acid (C7H8O8S . H2O). The main interesterification parameters such as molar ratios, catalyst mass fraction, reaction temperature and reaction time were selected based on previous studies. For the analysis of the synthesized products from the interesterification, we used nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), suitable for monitoring the conversion process. Based on the results of the analysis, the acid catalyst (p-toluenesulfonic acid) proved to be the best to obtain the desired product, where a conversion of 71,92% was achieved.

• Keywords: biodizel; transesterifikacija; interesterifikacija; nuklearna magnetska rezonancija
• Keywords (english): biodiesel; transesterification; intersterification; nuclear magnetic resonance
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:511334
• Project: Number: UIP-2019-04-5242; Title: Razvoj funkcionalnih biogoriva i (bio)aditiva te ispitivanje primjenskih svojstava mješavina s mineralnim gorivima; Title: Development of functional biofuels and (bio)additives and characterization of blends with mineral fuels; Acronym: FunBioFA; Leader: Fabio Faraguna; Jurisdiction: Croatia; Funder: HRZZ; Funding stream: UIP
• Study programme: Title: Environmental Engineering - Graduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka ekoinženjerstva (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka ekoinženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Closed access
• Created on: 2022-03-03 09:19:05