Pročišćavanje pirolitičkog ulja iz otpadnih guma adsorpcijom

master's thesis

• Title (english): Purification of waste tyre pyrolytic oil via adsorption
• Author: Valentina Kamenar
• Mentor: Aleksandra Sander (mentor)
• Committee member: Aleksandra Sander (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jasna Prlić Kardum (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Maja Fabulić-Ruszkowski (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2020-09-24, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering

Abstract

Zbog sve bržeg smanjivanja rezervi fosilnih goriva proizvodnja energije postaje jedan od najvažnijih tehnoloških, znanstvenih i gospodarskih problema današnjega svijeta. Nova Direktiva o obnovljivim izvorima energije (eng. Renewable Energy Directive) promiče upotrebu goriva dobivenih iz otpada pa su mnoga istraživanja usmjerena u pronalazak novih izvora energije. Trenutno se velika pažnja posvećuje pirolitičkom ulju koje se dobiva pirolizom guma. Ovo ulje sadrži mnoge nečistoće poput sumpora, klora ili čađe te se bez prethodnog pročišćavanja ne može koristiti kao potencijalni izvor energije. Stoga je cilj ovog rada bio iz pirolitičkog ulja dobivenog iz otpadnih guma, smanjiti koncentraciju sumpora i klora, kao i kiselinski broj. Redukcija nepoželjnih karakteristika provedena je dvjema metodama – ekstrakcijom i adsorpcijom. Kod ekstrakcije korištena su niskotemperaturna eutektička otapala – dva kisela, na bazi kolin klorida, i jedan bazični, na bazi kalijevog karbonata, uz etilen glikol i glicerol kao donore vodikovih veza. Ekstrakcije su provedene u svrhu smanjenja ukupne kiselosti u različitim omjerima kako bi se pronašao optimalan omjer efikasnosti i ekonomičnosti provedbe procesa. Nakon ekstrakcije, pirolitičko ulje je namiješano u malom postotku u komercijalni benzin i dizelsko gorivo te su dobiveni zadovoljavajući rezultati, osim razine sumpora koja je premašila graničnu vrijednost od 10 mg/kg. Uzorak pirolitičkog ulja u kojem je prethodno snižen kiselinski broj uzet je za adsorpciju radi smanjenja koncentracije sumpora i klora. Kao adsorbensi, korištena su dva Tonsil adsorbensa i ugljikove nanocjevčice.

Abstract (english)

Due to decreasing fossil fuel reserves, energy production is becoming one of the most important technological, scientific and economic problems of today’s world. The new Renewable Energy Directive promotes the use of waste-derived fuels, so a lot of research is focused on the development of new energy sources. Pyrolytic oil obtained by pyrolysis of tires is currently receiving a lot of attention. This oil contains many impurities such as sulfur, chlorine or char and cannot be used as a potential energy source without prior purification. The aim of this work was to reduce the concentration of sulfur and chlorine, as well as the acid number, from pyrolytic oil obtained from waste tires. Reduction of undesirable characteristics was carried out by two methods - extraction and adsorption. Deep eutectic solvents were used for the extraction - two acidic, based on choline chloride, and one basic, based on potassium carbonate, with ethylene glycol and glycerol as hydrogen bond donors. Extraction experiments were carried out in order to reduce the total acidity in different proportions in order to find the optimal ratio of efficiency and economy of the process implementation. After extraction, the pyrolytic oil was blended in a small percentage into commercial gasoline and diesel fuel and satisfactory results were obtained, except for the sulfur level which exceeded the limit value of 10 mg/kg. A sample of deacidified pyrolytic oil was taken for adsorption to reduce the concentration of sulfur and chlorine. Two Tonsil adsorbents and carbon nanotubes were used for adsorption.

• Keywords: pirolitičko ulje; ekstrakcija; niskotemperaturna eutektička otapala; adsorpcija
• Keywords (english): pyrolytic oil; extraction; deep eutectic solvents; adsorption
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:731842
• Study programme: Title: Materials Science and Engineering - Graduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-03-05 08:41:26