Oksidacijska desulfurizacija dizelskog goriva s ekstrakcijom

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Oxidative desulfurization of diesel with extraction
• Author: Ivana Sokol
• Mentor: Katica Sertić-Bionda (mentor)
• Committee member: Katica Sertić-Bionda (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Sanja Papić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Tatjana Gazivoda Kraljević (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2015-09-16, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering; Reaction Engineering

Abstract

Naftni proizvodi (ukapljeni naftni plin , dizelska goriva, motorni benzini) se primarno koriste kao goriva u motorima s unutarnjim izgaranjem. S obzirom na visoki sadržaj sumpora u naftnim gorivima koji se pri izgaranju oslobađa u atmosferu u obliku oksida, upravo njegovo uklanjanje predstavlja jedan od ciljeva rafinerijske prerade, kako bi se poboljšale ekološke karakteristike goriva. Različitim procesima desulfurizacije se postižu navedeni ciljevi. Hidrodesulfurizacijom (HDS) se sumpor ukljanja u uvjetima visokog tlaka i temperature uz veliku potrošnju vodika. HDS je komercijlni postupak koji pokazuje određena ograničenja u postizanju vrlo niskog sadržaja sumpora pa se danas razvijaju različiti alternativni procesi desulfurizacije kao što su ekstrakcija, adsorpcija i oksidacijska desulfurizacija. Navedeni procesi se provode pri blažim reakcijskim uvjetima, ne koristi se skupi vodik, a postiže se veća reaktivnost aromatskih sumporovih spojeva.
U ovom radu je proučavan utjecaj broja okretaja miješala i temperature reakcije na konverziju dibenzotiofena (DBT). Kao oksidans korišten je vodikov peroksid, a kao katalizator dodekafosfovolframova kiselina uz tetra-oktil amonijev bromid kao površinski aktivnu tvar. Nakon oksidacije provedena je ekstrakcija rafinatne faze dimetilformamidom. Analiza sumpornih spojeva nakon procesa oksidacije i ekstrakcije provedena je metodama plinske kromatografije (GC), 1HNMR spektroskopije i IR spektroskopije.

Abstract (english)

Petroleum products (liqufied petroleum gas, motor gasolines, diesel fuels)) are in the first place used as the fuels for internal-combustion engines. Since the petroleum fuels have high sulfur content, where the sulfur during combustion is released into atmosphere in the form of oxide, just the elimination of this sulfur makes one of the aims of petroleum refinery processing in order to improve the ecological characteristics of fuels. By elimination of sulfur the characteristics of fuels are also improved. Various processes of desulfurization make the ways by which the above mentioned objectives are achieved. By hydrodesulfurization (HDS) sulfur is eliminated in in conditions of high pressure and temperature with great consumption of hydrogen. HDS is commercial process which shows certain limitations in achieving very low sulfur content, and for this reason various alternative processes of desulfurization such as extraction, adsorption and oxidative desulfurization are being nowadays developed. Mentioned processes are realized in milder reaction conditions, expensive hydrogen is not used, but the greater reactivity of aromatic sulfur compounds is achieved. In this work the effects of rate of stirring as well as the temperature of reaction on the conversion of dibenzothiophene (DBT) vere investigated. As the oxidant was used hydrogen peroxide, as the catalyst the tungstophoric acid and the tetraoctylammonium bromide as the surface active substance. After the oxidation the extraction of rafinant phase was carried out by dimetil formamide. The analysis of sulfur compounds was conducted by gas chromatograph (GC) method, 1HNMR spectroscopy and IR spectroscopy.

• Keywords: oksidacijska desulfurizacija; dibenzotiofen; dodekafosfovolframova kiselina; terta-oktil amonijev bromid; ekstrakcija
• Keywords (english): oxidative desulfurization; dibenzothiophene; tungstophoric acid; tetraoctylammonium bromide; extraction
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:517212
• Study programme: Title: Applied Chemistry - Undergraduate study; specializations in: Environmental chemistry and green technologies, Advanced materials and technologies, Applied organic chemistry; Course: Environmental chemistry and green technologies; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) primijenjene kemije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) primijenjene kemije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2016-11-28 14:07:43