Primjena hidrodestilacije u procesu izdvajanja eteričnih ulja i bioaktivnih prirodnih tvari

master's thesis

• Title (english): Hydrodistillation as a method for extraction of essential oils and bioactive natural products
• Author: Ana Škunca
• Mentor: Aleksandra Sander (mentor)
• Committee member: Aleksandra Sander (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Dajana Kučić Grgić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Maja Bival Štefan (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2020-09-23, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering

Abstract

Eterična ulja smjese su hlapljivih, slabo viskoznih spojeva od kojih većina čine terpeni (monoterpeni i seskviterpeni). Dobra topljivost eteričnih ulja u drugim biljnim uljima i laka apsorpcija kroz kožu omogućuje im primjenu u medicinskoj masaži i aromaterapiji. Najzastupljeniji spojevi u eteričnom ulju šmrike (Juniperus oxycedrus), somine (Juniperus phoenicea), lovora (Laurus nobilis), ružmarina (Rosmarinus officinalis) i tršlje (Pistacia lentiscus) su monoterpeni, dok u eteričnom ulju kadulje (Salvia officinalis) su to seskviterpeni. Primjenom hidrodestilacije dobivena su eterična ulja navedenih biljaka koja su se zatim okarakterizirana različitim metodama analize kao što je tankoslojna kromatografija, plinska kromatografija-masena spektrometrija, Furier-transformirana infracrvena spektroskopija i mikrobiološka analiza. Na temelju provedenih metoda analize dobio se uvid u kemijski sastav i antimikrobnu aktivnost eteričnih ulja ispitanih biljaka. Rezultati dobiveni različitim metodama analize su usporedivi i govore o kemijskom sastavu eteričnih ulja. Najpoznatija metoda mikrobiološke analize je disk-difuzijski test kojim se ispitala antimikrobna aktivnost eteričnih ulja. Ovisno o kemijskom sastavu različit je utjecaj na bakterije Escherichia coli i Bacillus subtilis te kvasac Candida lipolytica na koje se disk-difuzijski test ispitivao. Rezultati su pokazali kako najbolju antimikrobnu aktivnost za bakterije ima eterično ulje mediteranskog lovora, a na kvasac eterično ulje tršlje. Dobiveni rezultati su usporedivi s literaturnim uz mala odstupanja u kemijskom sastavu i zastupljenosti komponenti eteričnih ulja.

Abstract (english)

Essential oils are mixtures of volatile, low-viscosity compounds, most of which are terpenes (monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes). Good solubility of essential oils in other vegetable oils and easy absorption through the skin allows them to be used in medical massage and aromatherapy. The most common compounds in the essential oil of prickly juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus), phoenician juniper (Juniperus phoenicea), laurel (Laurus nobilis), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and mastic tree (Pistacia lentiscus) are monoterpenes, while in the essential oil of sage (Salvia officinalis) are sesquiterpenes. Using hydrodistillation, essential oils of these plants were obtained and characterized by various methods of analysis such as thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy and microbiological analysis. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of tested essential oils were analytically determined. The results obtained by different analytical methods are comparable and they describe chemical composition of essential oils. The best known method of microbiological analysis is the disk diffusion test which examined the antimicrobial activity of essential oils. Depending on the chemical composition of essential oil, in disk diffusion test the effect on bacteria Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis and yeast Candida lipolytica is different. The results showed that the essential oil of Mediterranean laurel has the best antimicrobial activity for tested bacteria, and the essential oil of mastic tree for tested yeast. The obtained results are comparable with the literature with small deviations in the chemical composition and representation of the components of essential oils.

• Keywords: antimikrobna aktivnost; karakterizacija; eterično ulje; hidrodestilacija
• Keywords (english): antimicrobial activity; characterization; essential oil; hydrodistillation
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:633523
• Study programme: Title: Environmental Engineering - Graduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka ekoinženjerstva (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka ekoinženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2022-04-14 13:47:05