Sinteza propilnih estera masnih kiselina i primjenska svojstva mješavina s mineralnim dizelom

master's thesis

• Title (english): Synthesis and investigation of application properties of propyl fatty acid esters and its mixtures with mineral diesel
• Author: Mihovil Medić
• Mentor: Tatjana Gazivoda Kraljević (mentor)
• Mentor: Fabio Faraguna (komentor)
• Committee member: Tatjana Gazivoda Kraljević (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Fabio Faraguna (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ante Jukić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2020-12-21, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Basic Technical Sciences

Abstract

Zbog sve manjih rezervi fosilnih goriva, a sve većih zahtjeva za energijom, svijet se okreće procesima pretvorbe biomase u tekuća goriva. Jedno od tih goriva je biodizel, alkilni ester masnih kiselina čijim izgaranjem nastaje manje stakleničkih plinova. Biodizel se najčešće dobiva reakcijom transesterifikacije triglicerida iz biljnih ulja ili životinjskih masti i alkohola, najčešće metanola. Nedostatak biodizela naspram mineralnog dizela je niža toplinska vrijednost i loša niskotemperaturna svojstva. Jestiva ulja su rafinirana i imaju manji sadržaj slobodnih masnih kiselina pa se reakcija transesterifikacije provodi uz bazični katalizator te tako ne dolazi do stvaranja sapuna u velikoj mjeri. Propanol i viši alkoholi u odnosu na metanol i etanol imaju određene prednosti poput bolje mješljivosti s dizelom, veće hidrofobnosti, cetanskog broja i toplinske vrijednosti. U ovom radu sintetizirani su propilni esteri masnih kiselina reakcijom transesterifikacije triglicerida iz suncokretovog ulja i propanola uz bazični katalizator (KOH). Kako bi se ispitala molekulska međudjelovanja i njihov utjecaj na primjenska svojstva pripremljene su mješavine osnovnih komponenata, dizela, biodizela i propanola. Primjenska svojstva koja su ispitana normiranim metodama su viskoznost, gustoća, točka filtrabilnosti i mazivost. Mješavine su dodatno karakterizirane infracrvenom spektroskopijom s Fourierovom transformacijom (FTIR), diferencijalnom pretražnom kalorimetrijom (DSC) te mjerenjem površinske napetosti, kontaktnog kuta i indeksa refrakcije.

Abstract (english)

Due to the reduction of fossil fuel reserves and increasing energy demand, the world is heading towards conversion processes from biomass to liquid fuels. One of these alternative fuels is biodiesel, defined as fatty acid alkyl ester, whose combustion results in fewer greenhouse gases. The most common method for biodiesel synthesis is transesterification of triglycerides from vegetable oils or animal fat and alcohol, mostly methanol. A disadvantage of biodiesel in opposition to mineral diesel fuel is lower heating value and poor cold flow properties. Edible oils are refined and have lower content of free fatty acids, so the reaction of transesterification is carried out in the presence of alkaline catalyst so the formation of soap will not occur to a large extent. Propanol and higher alcohols are advantageous over methanol and ethanol due to their blending capabilities, hydrophobic properties, cetane number and heating value. In this thesis, fatty acid propyl esters were synthesized by the transesterification reaction od tryglycerides from edible sunflower oil and propanol in the presence of potassium hydroxide as a catalyst. Mixtures of basic components, diesel, biodiesel, and propanol, were prepared so the effect of molecular interactions on the application properties could be examined. The properties that were examined by standardized methods are viscosity, density, cold flow plugging point and lubricity. Mixtures were additionally characterized by infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transformations (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and surface tension, contact angle and refractive index were also measured.

• Keywords: biodizel; suncokretovo ulje; propanol; transesterifikacija; primjena; molekulske interakcije
• Keywords (english): biodiesel; sunflower oil; propanol; transesterification; application; molecular interactions
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:103585
• Project: Number: UIP-2019-04-5242; Title: Razvoj funkcionalnih biogoriva i (bio)aditiva te ispitivanje primjenskih svojstava mješavina s mineralnim gorivima; Title: Development of functional biofuels and (bio)additives and characterization of blends with mineral fuels; Acronym: FunBioFA; Leader: Fabio Faraguna; Jurisdiction: Croatia; Funder: HRZZ; Funding stream: UIP
• Study programme: Title: Applied Chemistry - Graduate study; specializations in: Environmental chemistry and green technologies, Advanced materials and technologies, Applied organic chemistry; Course: Advanced materials and technologies; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra primijenjene kemije (magistar/magistra primijenjene kemije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2022-07-19 13:53:05