Title Detekcija mikroplastike u tlu i sedimentu Title (english) Detection of microplastics in soil and sediment Author Dora Bakšić Mentor Lidija Furač (mentor)Committee member Lidija Furač (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Dajana Kučić Grgić (član povjerenstva)Committee member Matija Cvetnić (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2022-09-16, Croatia Scientific / art field, NATURAL SCIENCES Abstract Masovna upotreba plastike i neadekvatno odlaganje plastičnog otpada dovelo je do nakupljanja plastike u okolišu. Osim velikih komada plastike problem predstavljaju i male, teško uočljive čestice mikroplastike koje se smatraju jednim od glavnih onečišćivača rijeka, mora, tla i sedimenta. Upravo široka pojavnost mikroplastike u okolišu dovela je do njezinog ulaska u biogeokemijski ciklus i hranidbeni lanac sa štetnim posljedicama za ljudsko zdravlje. Pojava mikroplastike u morima bila je jedan od prvih poticaja za početak istraživanja mikroplastike u okolišu, a manji broj dostupnih istraživanja o mikroplastici u tlu ostavlja velik prostor za daljnja istraživanja na tom području. Pristup istraživanju mikroplastike treba biti temeljit i opsežan, a korištenje još uvijek nestandardiziranih metoda dovodi do rezultata koji se ne mogu uspoređivati. Istraživanje mikroplastike u tlu i sedimentu podrazumijeva određivanje lokacije, prikupljanje uzoraka, izolaciju mikroplastike iz tla i sedimenta, pročišćavanje mikroplastičnih čestica te dobivanje kemijskog sastava izoliranih čestica. U ovom radu dan je literaturni pregled kvalitativnih analitičkih metoda za detekciju i identifikaciju mikroplastike iz tla i sedimenta. Za dobivanje reprezentativnih rezultata važan je korak pravilnog uzorkovanja, a najčešće korištene metode prikupljanja uzoraka su selektivno i skupno uzorkovanje te prikupljanje uzoraka smanjenog volumena. Prikupljeni uzorci izdvajaju se od čestica tla i sedimenta, pročišćavaju te se vizualno identificiraju i sortiraju. Vizualna identifikacija uključuje promatranje golim okom, mikroskopima i bojanje bojama, a čestice se sortiraju prema izvoru i vrsti polimera te fizičkim karakteristikama, kao što su oblik i boja. Detekcija mikroplastike podrazumijeva i dobivanje kemijskog sastava prikupljenih polimernih čestica instrumentalnim metodama Ramanove spektroskopije (RS) te Furierove transformirajuće infracrvene spektroskopije (FTIR). Primjenjuju se i toplinske metode kao što je piroliza-plinska kromatografija u kombinaciji sa masenom spektrometrijom (pyr-GC/MS).
Abstract (english) The massive use of plastics and inadequate disposal of plastics waste have led to the accumulation of plastics in the environment. In addition to large pieces of plastics, problems are also caused by small, hard to detect microplastic pasticles, witch are considered one of the main polluters of rivers, seas, soil, and sediment. It is precisely the wide occurrence of microplastics in the environment that led to its entry into the biogeochemical cycle and food chain with harmful consequences for human health. The apperance of microplastics in the sesas was one of the first incentives to start researching microplastics in the environment, and the smaller number of available studies on microplastics in the soil leavs a lot of space for further researcs in this area. The approach to microplastics research should be thorough and comperhensive, and the use of still non-standardized methods leads to results that can not be compared. Research on microplastics in soil and sediment inolves determing the location, collecting samples, isolating microplastics from soil and sediment, purifying microplastic particles and obtaining the chemical composition of the isolated particles. This paper provides a literature review of qualitative analytical methods for the detection and identification of microplastics from soil and sediment. In order to obtain representative results, the step of proper sampling is important, and the most frequently used methods of sample collection are selective and colective sampling and the collection of samples of reduced volume. The collected samples are separeted from soil and sediment particles, purified and visually identified and sorted. Visual identicifation includes observation with the naked eye, microscopes, and staining, and particles are sorted by source and type of polimer and physical characteristics, such as shape and color. The detection od ficroplstics also involves obtaing the chemical composition of the collected polymer particles using the instrumental methods of Raman spectroscopy (RS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).Thermal methods such as pyrolysis-gas chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry (pyr-GC/MS) are also used.
Keywords
mikroplastika
onečišćivalo
analitičke metode
kvalitativna analiza
detekcija
identifikacija
Keywords (english)
microplastics
pollutant
analytical methods
qualitative analysis
detection
identification
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:149:899472 Study programme Title: Applied Chemistry - Undergraduate study; specializations in: Environmental chemistry and green technologies, Advanced materials and technologies, Applied organic chemistry Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Access restricted to students and staff of home institution Terms of use Created on 2023-02-28 14:56:21
