Title Detekcija mikroplastike u vodenom okolišu Title (english) Detection of microplastics in the aquatic environment Author Valentina Pavlinić Mentor Lidija Furač (mentor)Committee member Lidija Furač (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Dajana Kučić Grgić (član povjerenstva)Committee member Matija Cvetnić (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2022-09-09, Croatia Scientific / art field, NATURAL SCIENCES Abstract Plastika je jedan od najzastupljenijih i najkorištenijih materijala u širokoj upotrebi u svim granama industrije i ljudske svakodnevice modernog društva. Budući da se plastični otpad nekontrolirano odlaže u okoliš, plastika je postala najveći onečišćivač ekosustava na Zemlji. Poseban problem predstavljaju izuzetno male čestice mikroplastike koje su u okolišu neuočljive i u geokemijskom kružnom ciklusu mogu biti biopokretljive ili se mogu bioakumlirati. Globalana zabrinutost svjetske zajednice i interes znanstvenih istraživača, posebice ekologa, usmjereni su na istraživanja utjecaja mikroplastike u vodenom okolišu, sedimentu i bioti. Istraživanja mikroplastike u okolišu zahtijevaju temeljit i opsežan pristup, a dobiveni rezultati ne mogu se uspoređivati zbog upotrebe različitih metoda koje još uvijek nisu standardizirane. Istraživanja obuhvaćaju lociranje područja akumulacije mikroplastike, uzorkovanje, separaciju čestica, detekciju kemijskog sastava čestica te u konačnici njihovo učinkovito uklanjanje. U ovom radu dan je literaturni pregled kvalitativnih i kvantitativnih analitičkih metoda koje uključuju identifikaciju i kvantifikaciju čestica mikroplastike iz vodenog okoliša. U svrhu dobivanja pouzdanih rezultata najvažniji korak je pravilno prikupljanje uzoraka. Pri horizontalnom uzorkovanju koriste se Manta mreže, dok se za vertikalno uzorkovanje koriste Bongo mreže. Za odvajanje čestica mikroplastike od matrice koriste se metode odvajanja po gustoći. Nakon toga vizualnom separacijom koja uključuje i bojanje (oko, mikroskop, povećalo) čestice se razdvajaju prema fizičkim karakteristikama (teksktura, oblik boja). Detekcija mikroplastike podrazumijeva određivanje kemijskog sastava polimera metodama Ramanove spektroskopije (RS) i Fourierove transformacije infracrvene spektroskopije (FTIR). Također, u identifikaciji mikroplastike primjenjuju se i snimanje hiperspektralne slike (HSI) i digitalna holografija (DH).
Abstract (english) Plastics are one of the most common and widely used materials in all branches of industry and everyday human life in modern society. Since plastic waste is dumped into the environment uncontrollably, plastics have become the biggest polluter of ecosystems on Earth. A special problem is represented by extremely small microplastic particles that are undetectable in the environment and can be biomobile or bioaccumulate in the geochemical cycle. The global concern of the world community and the interest of scientific researchers, especially ecologists, is focused on investigating the impact of microplastics in the aquatic environment, sediment and biota. Research on microplastics in the environment requires a thorough and comprehensive approach, and the results obtained cannot be compared due to the use of different methods that are still not standardized. Research includes locating areas of microplastic accumulation, sampling, particle separation, detection of the particle's chemical composition, and ultimately their effective removal. This paper provides a literature review of qualitative and quantitative analytical methods that include the identification and quantification of microplastic particles from the aquatic environment. In order to obtain reliable results, the most important step is the correct collection of samples. A Manta net is used for horizontal sampling, while a Bongo net is used for vertical sampling. Density separation methods are used to separate microplastic particles from the matrix. After that, by visual separation, which includes coloring (eye, microscope, magnification), these particles are separated according to their physical characteristics (texture, color form). The detection of microplastics implies the determination of the chemical composition of the polymer by the methods of Raman spectroscopy (RS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and digital holography (DH) are also used in the identification of microplastics.
Keywords
mikroplastika
onečišćivalo
analitičke metode
kvalitativna analiza
kvantitativna analiza
detekcija
Keywords (english)
microplastics
pollutant
analytical methods
qualitative analysis
quantitative analysis
detection
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:149:461961 Project Number: IP-2019-04-9661 Study programme Title: Applied Chemistry - Undergraduate study; specializations in: Environmental chemistry and green technologies, Advanced materials and technologies, Applied organic chemistry Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Access restricted to students and staff of home institution Terms of use Created on 2023-03-09 13:27:24
