Primjena pirolize u recikliranju otpadne plasike

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Application of pyrolisis for waste plastic recycling
• Author: Andrea Tomić
• Mentor: Igor Dejanović (mentor)
• Committee member: Igor Dejanović (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Domagoj Vrsaljko (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marin Kovačić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-09-23, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering

Abstract

Većina zemalja u svijetu teži postizanju kružnog gospodarenja otpadom, tj. pretvaranju otpada u koristan resurs pri čemu otpad postaje sirovina koja se može ponovno upotrijebiti. Na taj se način čuva okoliš, otvaraju se nova radna mjesta te se potiče održivi gospodarski rast. Međutim, najveći problem predstavlja otpad koji nije biorazgradiv – plastika, a njega je najviše. Budući da se plastika dobiva iz nafte, reciklažom iste može se značajno spriječiti onečišćenje okoliša te smanjiti potreba za crpljenjem novih količina nafte. Postoje četiri vrste reciklaže (obrade) plastičnog otpada – mehanička reobrada pojedinačne nekontaminirane plastike, mehaničko recikliranje, kemijsko (termo-kemijsko) recikliranje te spaljivanje otpada u svrhu dobivanja toplinske energije. Najznačajnije od njih je kemijsko recikliranje, odnosno kemijska razgradnja organskih materijala djelovanjem topline (piroliza) kojom se iz polimera otpadne plastike dobivaju monomeri koji se kasnije mogu upotrijebiti za dobivanje novih polimera. U ovom radu obrađeno je ukupno osam tehnologija kemijskog recikliranja miješane otpadne plastike: toplinsko krekiranje (konvencionalna piroliza), plazma piroliza, piroliza potpomognuta mikrovalovima, katalitičko krekiranje, hidrokrekiranje, konvencionalno rasplinjavanje i piroliza s in-line reformiranjem. Od njih osam, samo su tri komercijalno isplative, odnosno primjenjuju se u industrijskim razmjerima: toplinsko krekiranje (konvencionalna piroliza), katalitičko krekiranje i konvencionalno rasplinjavanje.

Abstract (english)

Most of the countries in the world strive to achieve circular waste management, i.e. conversion of waste into raw materials that can be reused. In this way, the environment is preserved, new jobs are created, and sustainable economic development is encouraged. However, the biggest problem is non-biodegradable plastic, representing majority of the plastic waste. Since plastic is obtained from crude oil, by recycling it, environmental pollution associated with petroleum extraction is significantly reduced. There are four types of recycling (processing) of plastic waste - mechanical reprocessing of uncontaminated individual types of plastic, mechanical recycling, chemical (thermo-chemical) recycling and incineration for the purpose of obtaining thermal energy. The most significant is chemical recycling, i.e. chemical decomposition of waste plastic by applying heat (pyrolysis) by which monomers are obtained, which can later be used to obtain new polymers. In this paper, eight technologies of chemical recycling of mixed waste plastics are presented: thermal cracking (conventional pyrolysis), plasma pyrolysis, microwave assisted pyrolysis, catalytic cracking, hydrocracking, conventional gasification and pyrolysis with in-line reforming. Of those eight, only three are currently applied on an industrial scale: thermal cracking (conventional pyrolysis), catalytic cracking and conventional gasification.

• Keywords: otpadna plastika; kružno gospodarenje otpadom; piroliza
• Keywords (english): waste plastic; circular waste management; pyrolysis
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:816318
• Study programme: Title: Chemical Engineering - Undergraduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-03-14 10:20:19