Pregled nuklearnih akcidenata od početka mirnodopske primjene nuklearne tehnologije do danas

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): A survey of nuclear accidents from the beginnings of peaceful applications of the nuclear technology till today
• Author: Martina Batur
• Mentor: Vladimir Dananić (mentor)
• Committee member: Vladimir Dananić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Andrej Vidak (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Igor Sutlović (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-09-14, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Interdisciplinary Technical Sciences

Abstract

Nuklearne elektrane su jedan od najvažnijih svjetskih izvora za proizvodnju električne energije promatrano s ekološkog i ekonomskog aspekta. Nuklearna tehnologija koristi energiju koja se oslobađa cijepanjem atomske jezgre na dva dijela u procesu koji se zove nuklearna fisija. Reakcija je kontrolirana u nuklearnom reaktoru. Za vrijeme Drugog svjetskog rata istraživanja su se fokusirala na proizvodnju atomskih bombi, a nakon toga započinje mirnodopska primjena. Međutim, tri velika nuklearna akcidenta: „Three Mile Island“, „Černobil“ i „Fukushima Daiichi“ izazvala su zabrinutost stanovništva u sigurnost nuklearnih elektrana. Fragmenti fisije i njezini produkti raspada čine značajan dio nuklearnog otpada te zabrinjava činjenica njihovog ispuštanja u prirodu. Poboljšanjem sigurnosnih mjera u daljnjem razdoblju, nuklearne elektrane počinju opravdavati status sigurnog i pouzdanog izvora električne energije, što se može vidjeti u sve većem broju novonastalih nuklearnih elektrana u svijetu. Cilj ovog rada je dati pregled nuklearnih akcidenata kroz povijest i opisati kakve je to posljedice ostavilo na zdravlje i okoliš.

Abstract (english)

Nuclear power plants are one of the world's most important electrical energy resources from the ecological and economical aspect. Nuclear technology utilizes energy released by the splitting of the atomic core into two parts in a process called nuclear fission. The reaction is controlled in a nuclear reactor. During the Second World War research was focused on the production of atomic bombs after which peaceful application began. However, three big nuclear accidents : „Three Mile Island“, „Chernobyl“ and „Fukushima Daiichi“ caused concern in the population regarding the safety of nuclear plants. Fragments of fission and its decay products make up a significat part of nuclear waste, therefore the question of its waste management remains an issue. By improving the safety measures, nuclear plants have started to live up to the claimed status of a safe and reliable electrical energy source, which can be seen by the number of newly-built nuclear plants in the world. The object of this work is to give an overview of the nuclear accidents throughout history and describe the consequences on health and the environment.

• Keywords: nuklearne elektrane; nuklearna fisija; nuklearni akcidenti; sigurnosnosne mjere; nuklearni otpad
• Keywords (english): nuclear power plants; nuclear fission; nuclear accidents; safety measures; nuclear waste
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:535426
• Study programme: Title: Chemical Engineering - Undergraduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2023-03-23 09:16:58