Ispitivanje interakcije farmaceutika i čestica mikroplastike u vodenom mediju

master's thesis

• Title (english): Investigation of interaction between pharmaceuticals and microplastic particles
• Author: Martina Šimonek
• Mentor: Ana Lončarić Božić (mentor)
• Committee member: Ana Lončarić Božić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ana Vrsalović Presečki (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Hrvoje Kušić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-09-29, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering

Abstract

Rast ljudske populacije iz godine u godinu uzrokuje povećanje upotrebe farmaceutika u svakodnevnom životu, što izrazito nepovoljno djeluje na okoliš, prije svega onaj vodeni, uzrokujući njegovo onečišćenje. Osim upotrebe farmaceutika, povećava se i upotreba plastike, koja je sveprisutna u našim životima. Degradacijom plastike nastaje mikroplastika koja posjeduje veliku specifičnu površinu na koju se vežu onečišćujuće tvari u okolišu. Interakcija onečišćujućih tvari sa mikroplastikom može povečati njezin toksični učinak na okoliš i zdravlje ljudi. Cilj ovoga rada je ispitati adsorpciju farmaceutika karbamazepina (CBZ) na čestice mikroplastike pripremljene iz nestarenih uzoraka poli(etilen-tereftalata) (PET 0) i uzoraka podvrgnutih ubrzanom starenju pod UV zračenjem tijekom 56 dana (PET 56) te njihov štetni učinak na vodeni okoliš. Prije određivanja toksičnosti mikroplastike na koju je adsorbiran farmaceutik, bitno je odrediti toksičnost pojedinih komponenti. Njihov štetni učinak procijenjen je provedbom standardnih testova akutne toksičnosti na zelene mikroalge Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (ISO 8692). Rezultati su pokazali da se UV starenjem povećava udio manjih frakcija čestica mikroplastike, što ukazuje na povećavanje amorfne faze, struktura postaje manje uređena, gube se mehanička svojstva, odnosno smanjuju se tvrdoća i krutost polimera. Rezultati adsorpcije karbmazepina odgovaraju Freundlichovom modelu što ukazuje na adsorpciju u više slojeva. Adsorpcija je najizraženija pri nižoj temperaturi, u kombinaciji sa PET 0, što upućuje na fizisorpciju. U slučaju ispitivanja toksičnosti nestareni materijal pokazao je veću toksičnost u odnosu na materijal staren 56 dana pod UV zračenjem, a najveću toksičnost pokazala je kombinacija CBZ + CaCl2 + PET 0, dok su pojedinačne komponente pokazale manji toksični učinak.

Abstract (english)

The growth of the human population from year to year causes an increase in the use of pharmaceuticals in everyday life, which has an extremely unfavorable effect on the environment, primarily the water environment, causing its pollution. In addition to the use of pharmaceuticals, the use of plastic, which is ubiquitous in our lives, is also increasing. Degradation of plastic creates microplastics, which have a large specific surface to which pollutants in the environment bind. The interaction of pollutants with microplastics can increase its toxic effect on the environment and human health. The aim of this work is to investigate the adsorption of the pharmaceutical carbamazepine (CBZ) on microplastic particles prepared from unaged poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET 0) particles and samples subjected to accelerated aging under UV radiation for 56 days (PET 56) and their adverse effect on the aquatic environment. Before determining the toxicity of microplastics on which a pharmaceutical is adsorbed, it is important to determine the toxicity of individual components. Their harmful effect was evaluated by performing standard acute toxicity tests on the green microalgae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (ISO 8692). The results showed that UV aging increases the proportion of smaller fractions of microplastic particles, which indicates an increase in the amorphous phase, the structure becomes less ordered, the mechanical properties are lost, thus the hardness and stiffness of the polymer decrease. The results of carbamazepine adsorption correspond to the Freundlich model, which indicates adsorption in multiple layers. Adsorption is most pronounced at lower temperature, in combination with PET 0, which indicates physisorption. In the case of toxic evaluation, the pristine material showed higher toxicity compared to the material aged for 56 days under UV radiation, and the combination of CBZ + CaCl2 + PET 0 showed the highest toxicity, while the individual components showed a lower toxic effect.

• Keywords: mikroplastika; karbamazepin; adsorpcija; mikroalge; toksičnost
• Keywords (english): microplastics; carbamazepine; adsorption; microalgae; toxicity
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:577696
• Project: Number: IP-2020-02-6033; Title: Mikroplastika u vodi; sudbina, ponašanje i uklanjanje; Title: Microplastics in water; fate and behavior and removal; Acronym: ReMiCRO; Leader: Ana Lončarić Božić; Jurisdiction: Croatia; Funder: HRZZ; Funding stream: IP
• Study programme: Title: Chemical Engineering - Graduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Closed access
• Created on: 2023-03-29 09:43:23