| Abstract | Tekstilna industrija, zbog kompleksnosti procesa proizvodnje tekstila koji zahtijevaju velike količine pitke vode, generira velike količine otpadne vode koja predstavlja opasnu prijetnju za okoliš. Sve strože zakonske regulative, nedostatak pitke vode i zahtjevi za smanjenjem veličine uređaja za obradu otpadnih voda stavljaju nove tehnologije obrade otpadnih voda membranskim bioreaktorom (MBR) u prvi plan. MBR se definira kao uređaj koji kombinira biološke procese obrade otpadne vode aktivnim muljem i obradu membranskim procesima. Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitati na koji način promjena koncentracije aktivnog mulja utječe na obradu tekstilne otpadne vode (TOV) laboratorijskim MBR uređajem, pri čemu je primijenjen proces ultrafiltracije (UF) membranskim modulom u obliku šupljih vlakana. Praćena su svojstva realnog uzorka TOV-e trikotažne tvornice Galeb d.d. iz Omiša prije (ulaz) i nakon obrade (permeat) u razdoblju od sedam dana pri višoj koncentraciji aktivnog mulja koja se kretala između 11,59 i 14,85 g/L i sedam dana pri nižoj koncentraciji u rasponu od 7,50 g/L do 8,98 g/L. Određivani fizikalno-kemijski parametri na uzorcima ulaza i permeata bili su: pH, električna provodnost, mutnoća, kemijska potrošnja kisika (KPK), ukupni ugljik (TC), anorganski ugljik (IC), ukupni organski ugljik (TOC), apsorbancija pri 436 nm, 525 nm i 620 nm, koncentracija suspendiranih tvari te koncentracija Cl-, SO42-, Na+, K+, Ca2+ i Mg2+ iona. U obrađenoj TOV-i mutnoća je smanjena za > 99,8 % za višu koncentraciju aktivnog mulja i za 99,5 - 99,8 % za nižu koncentraciju, u skladu s time, potpuno su uklonjene suspendirane čestice. KPK, TC i TOC smanjeni su za 90,7 - 93,0 %, 54,3 - 62,5 % i 79,8 - 85,6 % kod koncentracije aktivnog mulja 11,59 - 14,85 g/L. Kod niže koncentracije aktivnog mulja 7,50 - 8,98 g/L TC i TOC smanjeni su za 66,4 - 73,8 % i 79,9 - 87,0 %. Obojenje je kod više koncentracije mulja smanjeno za 94,5 - 96,7 % i za nižu za 93,2 - 96,4 %. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na to da je MBR tehnologija izuzetno prihvatljiva za obradu TOV te da su UF membrane uspješne u uklanjaju suspendiranih čestica i obojenja iz TOV. |
| Abstract (english) | Textile industry, because of its complex textile manufacturing processes which require huge amounts of fresh water, generates also huge amounts of waste water which poses a dangerous threat to the environment. Increasingly strict regulations, lack of drinking water and requirements to reduce the size of wastewater treatment plants put new technologies for wastewater treatment with membrane bioreactor (MBR) in the first place. MBR is defined as a device that combines biological processes of wastewater treatment with activated sludge and membrane processes. The aim of this study was to investigate how a change in the concentration of activated sludge affects the treatment of textile wastewater (TWW) with a laboratory MBR device with ultrafiltration (UF) hollow fiber membrane. The properties of the real sample of textile wastewater of the textile company Galeb d.d. Omiš were tracked before and after treatment (permeate) for a period of seven days at a higher concentration of activated sludge between 11,59 and 14,85 g/L and seven days at a lower concentration in the range of 7,50 g/L to 8,98 g/L. Determined physicochemical parameters on the influent and permeate samples were pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total carbon (TC), inorganic carbon (IC), total organic carbon (TOC), absorbance at 436 nm, 525 nm and 620 nm, concentration of suspended solids (TSS) and the concentration of Cl-, SO42-, Na +, K +, Ca2 + and Mg2 + ions. In permeate, the turbidity was reduced for > 99,8 % for a higher concentration of activated sludge and by 99,5 - 99,8 % for a lower concentration, and suspended particles were completely removed. COD, TC and TOC were reduced by 90,7 - 93,0 %, 54,3 - 62,5 % and 79,8 - 85,6 % at a activated sludge concentration of 11,59 - 14,85 g/L. At lower concentrations of activated sludge 7,50 - 8,98 g/L TC and TOC were reduced by 66,4 - 73,8 % and 79,9 - 87,0 %. Color was reduced by 94,5 - 96,7 % at higher sludge concentrations and by 93,2 - 96,4 % at lower concentracion. The obtained results indicate that MBR technology is extremely acceptable for TOV processing and that UF membranes are successful in removing suspended particles and color from TWW. |
