Učinkovitost adsorbensa u procesu uklanjanja nečistoća iz pirolitičkih ulja različitog porijekla

master's thesis

• Title (english): Efficiency of adsorbents in the process of removing impurities from pyrolytic oils of different origins
• Author: Petra Gurović
• Mentor: Aleksandra Sander (mentor)
• Committee member: Aleksandra Sander (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jasna Prlić Kardum (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Maja Fabulić- Ruszkowski (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-07-02, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering

Abstract

Zbog masovne proizvodnje plastike udružene s njenom jednokratnom upotrebom stvaraju se sve veće količine plastičnog otpada koje završavaju u morima, oceanima, tlu pa čak i u hranidbenim lancima ljudi i životinja. Procesom pirolize moguće je riješiti problem zbrinjavanja istog tako da se preradi u visokovrijedne naftne proizvode. Pirolitička ulja iz plastike ili gume sadrže određenu količinu sumpora, klora, dušika i ostalih nečistoća koja smanjuju kvalitetu goriva te ih je potrebno pročistiti. U ovom je radu istražena mogućnost primjene različitih adsorbensa na bazi bentonita te ugljikovih nanočestica za smanjenje sadržaja klora u pirolitičkim uljima iz plastike i gume s ciljem dobivanja ulja zadovoljavajuće kvalitete kako bi se moglo umiješati u komercijalna benzinska i dizelska goriva. Eksperimentalno je ispitan utjecaj vremena trajanja procesa, temperature i masenog udjela adsorbensa, kao i broja stupnjeva šaržne adsorpcije na učinkovitost procesa. Također je istraženo utječe li kiselost ulja na učinkovitost adsorpcije klora iz odabranih pirolitičkih ulja. Kiselost ulja reducirana je ekstrakcijom pomoću otapala na bazi kalijeva karbonata. Rezultati su pokazali da, osim vrste adsorbensa, kiselost ulja u najvećoj mjeri utječe na učinkovitost adsorpcije klora iz pirolitičkog ulja iz plastike. Dulje vrijeme trajanja te rad pri povišenoj temperaturi u maloj mjeri utječu na učinkovitost adsorpcije. Povećanje udjela adsorbensa i broja stupnjeva adsorpcije u većoj mjeri pogoduje radu s kiselijim uljem. Odabrani adsorbensi nisu se pokazali učinkovitima za pročišćavanje pirolitičkog ulja iz gume. Pročišćeno i frakcionirano pirolitičko ulje iz plastike umiješano je u komercijalna benzinska i dizelska goriva a parametri mješavina su određeni prema standardnim, propisanim metodama. Pripravljene mješavine zadovoljavaju propisanu kvalitetu motornih goriva.

Abstract (english)

Due to the mass production of plastic combined with its single use, increasing amounts of plastic waste end up in seas, oceans, soil, and even in the food chains of humans and animals. The process of pyrolysis can be used to solve the problem of waste disposal by processing it into high-value petroleum products. Pyrolytic oils made of plastic or rubber contain a certain amount of sulfur, chlorine, nitrogen, and other impurities that reduce the quality of fuel and need to be purified. This paper focuses on the possibility of using various adsorbents based on bentonite and carbon nanoparticles to reduce the amount of chlorine in pyrolytic oils in plastic and rubber to obtain oil of satisfactory quality to be mixed into commercial gasoline and diesel fuels. The influence of process duration, temperature, and mass fraction of adsorbents, as well as the number of stages of batch adsorption on the process efficiency, was experimentally researched. Also, this paper explored whether the oil acidity affects the adsorption efficiency of chlorine from selected pyrolytic oils. The oil acidity was reduced by solvent extraction with potassium carbonate based deep eutectic solvent. The results showed that, in addition to the types of adsorbents, the oil acidity affects the efficiency of chlorine adsorption from pyrolytic plastic oil to the greatest extent, while the longer duration and work at elevated temperature affects the efficiency of adsorption to a small extent. Increasing the number of adsorbents and the number of adsorption degrees is more conducive to working with more acidic oil. The selected adsorbents did not prove to be efficient for the purification of pyrolytic oil from rubber. Purified and fractionated pyrolytic oil from plastic is mixed into commercial gasoline and diesel fuel, and the parameters of the mixture are determined according to standard, prescribed methods. The prepared mixtures meet the prescribed quality of motor fuels.

• Keywords: ekstrakcija; adsorpcija; niskotemperaturno eutektičko otapalo; plastični otpad; gumeni otpad; piroliza; pirolitičko ulje; motorna goriva
• Keywords (english): extraction; adsorption; deep eutectic solvents; plastic waste; tyre waste; pyrolysis; pyrolytic oil; fuels
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:029851
• Study programme: Title: Chemical Engineering - Graduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Closed access
• Created on: 2023-04-06 12:38:48