Određivanje toksičnosti pesticida nakon fotolize

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Toxicity determination of pesticide after photolysis
• Author: Doris Jurković
• Mentor: Danijela Ašperger (mentor)
• Committee member: Danijela Ašperger (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Šime Ukić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Dragana Vuk (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-09-21, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Chemistry

Abstract

Zagađenje voda ostatcima pesticida jedan je od većih izazova zaštite okoliša. Masovna upotreba pesticida tijekom godina dovela je do zagađenja okoliša, onečišćenja vode i hrane. Zbog svoje toksičnosti kojom štite biljke od štetnika, pesticidi mogu naštetiti ostalim živim bićima. Plastika koja se svakodnevno koristi u velikim mjerama te tako i baca u velikim mjerama također nepovoljno utječe na okoliš. Priroda svojim procesima postepeno mijenja, fragmentira velike komade plastike u sitne čestice mikroplastike. Prije ili kasnije i pesticidi i mikroplastika završe u vodenom okolišu o kojem ovise sva živa bića, pa tako i ljudi. Cilj ovog rada bio je odrediti toksičnost čistih otopina pesticida nakon fotolize, uz i bez prisutnosti čestica mikroplastike. Pripremljene su i ispitivane otopine acetamiprida, klotianidina i tiakloprida. Provedena je kromatografska analiza uzoraka uzimanih kroz period od 24 sata izlaganja otopine zračenju poput Sunčeve svjetlosti kako bi se detektirali mogući razgradni ili transformacijski produkti ispitivanih pesticida. Testovi toksičnosti su se provodili pomoću bioluminiscentnih bakterija Vibrio fischeri. Utvrđeno je da su čiste otopine sva tri pesticida pri koncentraciji 3 mg/L toksične. Kromatografskom analizom dokazano je kako se klotianidin raspadne nakon 5 sati fotolize te ne stvara razgradne ili transformacijske produkte, dok acetamiprid i tiakloprid uslijed fotolize daju produkte koji povećavaju toksičnost otopine. Također, pokazalo se da čestice mikroplastike pod utjecajem fotolize stvaraju novi spoj koji znatno povećava toksičnost otopine u sva tri slučaja.

Abstract (english)

Water pollution by pesticide residues is one of the major environmental challenges. Massive use of pesticides over the years has led to environmental pollution, water and food pollution. Because of their toxicity, which protects plants from pests, pesticides can harm other living things. Plastics that are used on a large scale every day and thus thrown away on a large scale also have an adverse effect on the environment. Nature gradually changes it, fragmenting large pieces of plastic into tiny microplastic particles. Sooner or later, both pesticides and microplastics end up in the aquatic environment on which all living beings, including humans, depend. The aim of this study was to determine the toxicity of pure pesticide solutions after photolysis, with and without the presence of microplastic particles. Solutions of acetamiprid, clothianidin and thiacloprid were prepared and tested. Chromatographic analysis of samples taken over a period of 24 hours of exposure of the solution to radiation such as sunlight was performed to detect possible degradation or transformation products of the tested pesticides. Toxicity tests were performed using bioluminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri. Pure solutions of all three pesticides were found to be toxic at a concentration of 3 mg/L. Chromatographic analysis showed that clothianidin degrades after 5 hours of photolysis and does not produce degradation or transformation products, while acetamiprid and thiaclopride produce photolysis products that increase the toxicity of the solution. Also, microplastic particles under the influence of photolysis have been shown to form a new compound that significantly increases the toxicity of the solution in all three cases.

• Keywords: pesticidi; acetamiprid; klotianidin; tiakloprid; mikroplastika; toksičnost; Vibrio fischeri
• Keywords (english): pesticides; acetamiprid; clothianidin; thiacloprid; microplastics; toxicity; Vibrio fischeri
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:750785
• Project: Number: IP-2019-04-9661; Title: Primjena naprednih tehnologija obrade voda za uklanjanje mikroplastike; Title: Advanced Water Treatment Technologies for Microplastics Removal; Acronym: AdWaTMiR; Leader: Tomislav Bolanča; Jurisdiction: Croatia; Funder: HRZZ; Funding stream: IP
• Study programme: Title: Materials Science and Engineering - Undergraduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Closed access
• Created on: 2023-04-20 11:53:10