Sinteza aditiva za snižavanje tecišta na osnovi neopentil glikola, trimetilolpropana i pentaeritrola za dizelsko i biodizelsko gorivo

master's thesis

• Title (english): Synthesis of pour point additives based on neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol for diesel and biodiesel fuel
• Author: Kristina Crnjac
• Mentor: Fabio Faraguna (mentor)
• Committee member: Fabio Faraguna (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marko Racar (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marin Kovačić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-09-29, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering

Abstract

U ovom radu opisana je sinteza i metoda pročišćavanja tri bioaditiva dobivena reakcijom esterifikacije laurinske kiseline i odgovarajućeg alkohola. Korišteni alkoholi pri sintezi su neopentil glikol, trimetilolpropan te pentaeritrol. Sukladno korištenim alkoholima, pripravljeni bioaditivi su nazvani NPGL, TMPL te PEL. Svi bioaditivi su pročišćeni prvo ekstrakcijom, a potom i kolonskom kromatografijom. Struktura i čistoća priređenih spojeva potvrđena je korištenjem spektroskopskih metoda infracrvene spektroskopije s Fourierovom transformacijom i protonske nuklearne magnetske rezonancije. Čistoća uzoraka utvrđena je i primjenom toplinske metode diferencijalne pretražne kalorimetrije. Kako bi se ispitao utjecaj bioaditiva na niskotemperaturna svojstva dizela i biodizela, pripravljene su mješavine bioaditiva s gorivima u koncentraciji od 2000 ppm. Aditivirana goriva su analizirana metodom diferencijalne pretražne kalorimetrije te su određene točka filtrabilnosti i točka tečenja standardnim metodama EN 116, odnosno ASTM D 5950. Dodatno je ispitan i utjecaj povećanja koncentracije bioaditiva na 5000 ppm na niskotemperaturna svojstva dizela. Na temelju dobivenih rezultata može se zaključiti da bioaditivi nisu imali utjecaja na niskotemperaturna svojstva dizelskog i biodizelskog goriva. Također, u sklopu ovog rada sintetiziran je i biodizel reakcijom transesterifikacije suncokretovog ulja i alkohola metanola. Dobiveni biodizel je okarakteriziran metodama infracrvene spektroskopije s Fourierovom transformacijom i protonske nuklearne magnetske rezonancije.

Abstract (english)

In this work, the synthesis and purification method of three bioadditives, obtained by the esterification reaction of lauric acid and the corresponding alcohol, is described. The alcohols used for syntheses were neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, and pentaerythritol. Given the alcohols, newly synthesized bioadditives were named NPGL, TMPL, and PEL. The bioadditives were first purified by extraction, then by column chromatography. The structure and purity of the prepared compounds were confirmed by the means of spectroscopic methods, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. The purity of the samples was also confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry. To examine the effect of bioadditives on the low-temperature properties of diesel and biodiesel, mixtures of bioadditives with fuels at a concentration of 2000 ppm were prepared. The prepared mixtures were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry, and cold filter plugging point and pour point were determined by the standardized methods EN 116, respectively ASTM D 5950. Additionally, the influence of the concentration increase of bioadditives to 5000 ppm on the low-temperature properties of diesel was examined. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that bioadditives did not affect the low-temperature properties neither of diesel and biodiesel fuel. Also, as a part of this work, biodiesel was synthesized by the transesterification reaction of sunflower oil and alcohol methanol. The synthesized biodiesel was characterized by the means of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance.

• Keywords: bioaditiv; dizel; biodizel; čistoća; točka filtrabilnosti; tecište
• Keywords (english): bioadditive; diesel; biodiesel; purity; cold filter plugging point; pour point
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:163677
• Project: Number: UIP-2019-04-5242; Title: Razvoj funkcionalnih biogoriva i (bio)aditiva te ispitivanje primjenskih svojstava mješavina s mineralnim gorivima; Title: Development of functional biofuels and (bio)additives and characterization of blends with mineral fuels; Acronym: FunBioFA; Leader: Fabio Faraguna; Jurisdiction: Croatia; Funder: HRZZ; Funding stream: UIP
• Study programme: Title: Chemical Engineering - Graduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2023-04-20 13:00:20