Title Ispitivanje toksičnosti farmaceutika i pesticida na slatkovodne račiće Daphnia magna Title (english) Toxicity of pharmaceuticals and pesticides to water flea Daphnia magna Author Iva Sabol Mentor Ana Lončarić Božić (mentor)Committee member Ana Lončarić Božić (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Marin Kovačić (član povjerenstva)Committee member Ana Vrsalović Presečki (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2021-09-30, Croatia Scientific / art field, TECHNICAL SCIENCES Abstract Svakodnevnom primjenom širokog raspona spojeva iz skupine farmaceutika i pesticida oni kontinuirano dospijevaju u okoliš, prvenstveno površinske vode, gdje unatoč niskim koncentracijama predstavljaju opasnost za živi svijet. Osmišljeni da budu postojani te biološki aktivni, farmaceutici i pesticidi bioakumuliraju u vodenim ekosustavima, gdje pokazuju različite toksične učinke na pojedine populacije organizama, ili pak daju razgradne ili transformacijske produkte, nerijetko toksičnije od polaznih spojeva. Iako postoje jasne naznake o njihovom akutnom i kroničnom učinku na ekosustav, za ove spojeve, kao niti ostatak skupine mikroonečišćivala, često se ne provodi monitoring, stoga njihov stvarni učinak još uvijek nije dovoljno istražen. U tu svrhu provode se različiti testovi ekotoksičnosti, a jedna od metoda je utvrđivanje toksičnosti testom na slatkovodne račiće Daphnia magna. Cilj ovog rada je ispitati toksičnost 3 farmaceutika i 3 pesticida upravo metodom na slatkovodne račiće Daphnia magna. U tu svrhu proveden je test akutne toksičnosti prema normi HRN EN ISO 6341:2013, a ispitano je 6 modelnih otopina pojedinačnih komponenti te 18 binarnih smjesa farmaceutika, odnosno pesticida. Početna je koncentracija otopina
50 μM, a prilikom testa je ispitan geometrijski niz razrjeđenja. Rezultati su bilježen nakon 24 i 48 h. Kao dodatni čimbenici ispitane su vrijednosti okolišnih pokazatelja KPK i BPK5. Vrijednosti inhibicije za pojedinačne komponente i smjese visoke su pri koncentraciji 50 μM te naglo padaju već pri prvoj idućoj koncentraciji (25 μM) . Iako ovakav odziv ima smisla, jer upućuje na značajniju toksičnost od 50 μM naviše, vrijednosti EC50 kreću se u području
1-10 μM te tako upućuju na veoma visoku toksičnost ovih spojeva i visoki rizik za okoliš. Ovakva odstupanja između inhibicije i rezultata nakon linearizacije vjerojatno proizlaze iz neizbježne pogreške pri linearizaciji. Ispitani spojevi i smjese nisu biorazgradivi, što se može korelirati sa visokom toksičnosti, no pored toga, neka značajnija korelacija ne može se utvrditi. S obzirom da ovakve vrijednosti ne daju jednoznačnu sliku o toksičnosti i riziku za okoliš, ostaje mnogo prostora za daljnja istraživanja, uključujući i eventualno ponavljanje eksperimenta s većim koncentracijama.
Abstract (english) With the daily application of a wide range of compounds from the group of pharmaceuticals and pesticides, they continuously reach the environment, primarily surface waters, where, despite low concentrations, they pose a danger to the living world. Designed to be persistent and biologically active, pharmaceuticals and pesticides bioaccumulate in aquatic ecosystems, where they show various toxic effects on certain populations of organisms, or give degradation and transformation products, often more toxic than the starting compounds. Although there are clear indications of their acute and chronic effect on the ecosystem, these compounds, as well as the other micro-pollutants, are often not monitored, so their actual effect has not yet been sufficiently investigated. For this purpose, various ecotoxicity tests are performed, and one of the methods is the test on freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna. The aim of this study was to examine the toxicity of 3 pharmaceuticals and
3 pesticides using the Daphnia magna freshwater crustacean method. For this purpose, an acute toxicity test was performed according to the HRN EN ISO 6341:2013 standard, while
6 model solutions of individual components and 18 binary mixtures of pharmaceuticals and pesticides were tested. The initial concentration of the solutions was 50 μM and a geometric series of dilutions was examined during the test. Results were recorded after 24 and 48 h.
As additional factors, the values of the environmental indicators COD and BOD5 were examined. Inhibition values for individual components and mixtures are high at a concentration of 50 μM and fall suddenly at the next concentration (25 μM). Although this response makes sense, as it indicates a significant toxicity of 50 μM and above, EC50 values range from 1-10 μM and thus indicate a very high toxicity of these compounds and a high risk for the environment. Such deviation between inhibition and post-linearization results is probably caused by the inevitable linearization error. The tested compounds and mixtures are not biodegradable, which can be correlated with their high toxicity, but no other more significant correlation can be established. Since described values do not give a clear picture of toxicity and environmental risk, there remains a lot of space for further research, including the possible repetition of the carried out experiment with higher concentrations.
Keywords
farmaceutici
pesticidi
smjese
ekotoksičnost
Daphnia magna
Keywords (english)
pharmaceuticals
pesticides
mixtures
ecotoxicity
Daphnia magna
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:149:641656 Project Number: IP-2020-02-6033 Study programme Title: Environmental Engineering - Graduate study Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Closed access Terms of use Created on 2023-04-21 11:33:25
