Kemijski aditivi prisutni u plastici

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Chemical additives present in plastics
• Author: Katarina Zovko
• Mentor: Dajana Kučić Grgić (mentor)
• Committee member: Dajana Kučić Grgić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Lidija Furač (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Matija Cvetnić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-09-13, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering

Abstract

Sve veću uporabu u svakodnevnom životu, plastika duguje svojim dobrim funkcionalnim svojstvima, jednostavnoj obradi i niskim troškovima proizvodnje. Pored niza dobrih svojstava, velike količine plastike predstavljaju značajne izazove jer završavaju nezbrinute u okolišu, gdje je posebno ugrožen vodeni okoliš. Tome ne ide u prilog iznimna otpornost na vanjske uvjete, složena razgradnja, te izdržljivost i dugotrajnost. Mnoge životinje hranu zamjenjuju plastičnim otpadom, čime plastika ulazi u hranidbeni lanac i time izravno prijeti i ljudskom zdravlju. Stvar čini dodatno složenom razni aditivi koji se dodaju u svrhu modifikacije svojstava i jednostavnije obrade. Plastifikatori, punila, stabilizatori, usporivači gorenja i bojila samo su neki od primjera glavnih skupina aditiva. Iako je većina neophodna i iznimno korisna za primjenu i razvoj plastike, postoje i toksični aditivi koji su se sve do unazad par godina redovno dodavali plastici. Danas je njihovo korištenje i količina ograničena posebnim regulacijama i konvencijama, a svrstani su u skupine kao što su endokrini disruptori (ED) ili postojane organske onečišćujuće tvari (eng. Persistent Organic Pollutants, POPs). Za potpuno razumijevanje i osvješćivanje utjecaja aditiva i plastike na okoliš i organizme važna su ekotoksikološka istraživanja. Životinje su česti laboratorijski modeli kod takvih istraživanja, ali u novije vrijeme sve češće bivaju zamijenjeni matematičkim i simulacijskim modelima. U ovom radu dati će se pregledni dio o vrstama plastike i aditiva, te dosadašnja ekotoksikološka istraživanja provedena na aditivima polibromiranih difenil etera i teških metala.

Abstract (english)

Increasing use in everyday life, plastic owes to its good functional properties, easy processing and low production costs. In addition to a number of good properties, large amounts of plastic pose significant challenges as they end up neglected in the environment, where the aquatic environment is particularly endangered. Exceptional resistance to external conditions, complex decomposition and durability do not alleviate the situation. Many animals replace food with plastic waste, so plastic enters the food chain and thus directly threatens human health. The situation is further complicated by various additives that are added for the purpose of modifying the properties and easier processing. Plasticizers, fillers, stabilizers, flame retardants and dyes are just some of the examples of the main groups of additives. Although most of them are necessary and extremely useful for the application and development of plastics, there are also toxic additives that have been regularly added to plastics until a few years ago. Today, their use and quantity is limited by special regulations and conventions, and they are classified into groups such as endocrine–disrupting–chemicals (EDCs) or persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Ecotoxicological studies are important for full understanding and awareness of the impact of additives and plastics on the environment and organisms. Animals are common laboratory models in such research, but nowdays they are increasingly being replaced by mathematical and simulation models. This study will provide an overview of the types of plastics and additives, and previous ecotoxicological studies conducted on additives of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and heavy metals.

• Keywords: plastika; kemijski aditivi; ekotoksikološka ispitivanja
• Keywords (english): plastics; chemical additives; ecotoxicology tests
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:974323
• Project: Number: IP-2019-04-9661; Title: Primjena naprednih tehnologija obrade voda za uklanjanje mikroplastike; Title: Advanced Water Treatment Technologies for Microplastics Removal; Acronym: AdWaTMiR; Leader: Tomislav Bolanča; Jurisdiction: Croatia; Funder: HRZZ; Funding stream: IP
• Study programme: Title: Materials Science and Engineering - Undergraduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-04-27 09:19:44