Sinteza teških elemenata u zvijezdama

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Synthesis of heavy elements in stars
• Author: Ivan Bašurić
• Mentor: Vladimir Dananić (mentor)
• Committee member: Vladimir Dananić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Andrej Vidak (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Emi Govorčin Bajsić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2020-09-23, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Physics

Abstract

Stranice koje će uslijediti upoznat će čitatelja s nekim od teorija koje nastoje objasniti postanak (porijeklo) kemijskih elemenata koji danas sačinjavaju svijet materije kojim se navigiramo i kojemu smo svjedoci svakog trenutka našeg postojanja. Počevši od samih osnova astrofizike, u radu će biti prikazani i objašnjeni procesi koji su prethodili svijetu (svemiru) kakvog danas poznajemo te procesi koji se dogaĎaju u jezgrama zvijezda koji su zasluţni za nemjerljivu raznolikost zapaţenu bilo gledanjem kroz teleskop ili najsofisticiraniji elektronski mikroskop. Radi se o procesu stelarne – zvjezdane nukleogeneze, odnosno formiranju kemijskih elemenata u jezgrama zvijezda tijekom nuklearne fuzije. Nuklearna je fuzija proces spajanja lakih atomskih jezgara u teţe, a bit će detaljnije opisana u poglavljima koja slijede. Posebni će fokus biti posvećen upravo principima i mehanizmima nastajanja teških elemenata, u koje se ubrajaju elementi većeg atomskog broja. Problematika koja se nameće tiče se definiranja "teškog" elementa; naime, nomenklatura ovisi o literaturi, te se teškim elementima u odreĎenim znanstvenim krugovima smatraju tek elementi atomskog broja 92 i iznad, dok ih drugi krugovi opisuju kao elemente atomskog broja većeg od ţeljeza. Ovaj će rad, stoga, teškim elementima smatrati elemente protonskog broja 26 i iznad.

Abstract (english)

The following pages of this final thesis serve to get the reader acquainted with theories regarding the origin of chemical elements that make up the material world we as people navigate and bear witness to in every moment of our existence. Beginning at the very basics of astrophysics, the paper will display and elaborate on the processes that preeceded the universe as we know it, as well as the processes taking place in the present moment, that are deemed responsible for incredible diversity experienced either by looking through the telescope or gazing into the microscopic world via sophisticated electronic microscopes. We call this process stellar nucleogenesis – the forming of elements within a star nucleus during nuclear fusion. Nuclear fusion, therefore, describes the formation of heavier atomic nuclei from lighter ones, and will be further explored in detail in paragraphs that follow. A significant focus of this paper will be dedicated to portraying the mechanisms that made possible the formation of heavy elements; those possessing higher atomic numbers. The problem arises naturally in regards to the exact meaning of "heavy". While some scientific circles only attribute those elements with atomic numbers of 92 and above as heavy, others consider heavy elements to possess the atomic number greater than that of iron. This final thesis, hence, considers the second definition; heavy elements will be regarded as elements heavier than iron.

• Keywords: svijet materije; zvjezdane jezgre; nukleogeneza; nuklearna fuzija; teški elementi
• Keywords (english): the material world; star nuclei; stellar nucleogenesis; nuclear fusion; heavy elements
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:736104
• Study programme: Title: Applied Chemistry - Undergraduate study; specializations in: Environmental chemistry and green technologies, Advanced materials and technologies, Applied organic chemistry; Course: Advanced materials and technologies; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) primijenjene kemije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) primijenjene kemije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Closed access
• Created on: 2023-05-02 11:16:50