Utjecaj nuklearnog zračenja na biološke sustave

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Influence of nuclear radiation on biological systems
• Author: Goran Filipović
• Mentor: Vladimir Dananić (mentor)
• Committee member: Vladimir Dananić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Petar Kassal (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Lidija Furač (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2020-09-24, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Physics

Abstract

Zračenje je vrsta energije koja se može javiti u obliku elektromagnetskih valova ili u čestičnom obliku. Zračenje koje se najčešće veže uz primjenu u nuklearnoj medicini ili u radu nuklearne industrije naziva se nuklearno zračenje. Ono spada u ionizirajuće zračenje iz čega proizlazi da posjeduje dovoljno energije za ionizaciju tvari s kojom je u interakciji, primjerice u biološkim sustavima, prilikom čega dolazi do izbijanja elektrona iz atoma te nastajanja iona. Zračenje se emitira spontanim raspadom nestabilnih jezgara sve dok one ne prijeđu u stabilnija energetska stanja, pretvarajući se tako u druge vrste atoma. Ovaj proces predstavlja radioaktivni raspad, a cijela pojava poznata je kao radioaktivnost. U ovome radu naglasak je stavljen na objašnjenje kako nuklearno zračenje utječe i koje posljedice ostavlja na biološke sustave, u najvećoj mjeri bazirajući se na ljudski organizam i utjecaj na opće zdravstveno stanje i DNK molekulu. Dan je i povijesni prikaz otkrića radioaktivnosti, opisano podrijetlo i svojstva raznih vrsta nuklearnog zračenja te definirane različite vrste dozi zračenja i njihove dozvoljene razine. Opisani su načini zaštite od zračenja, kao i mjerni uređaji kojima se radijacija može izmjeriti.

Abstract (english)

Radiation is a type of energy that can occur in the form of electromagnetic waves or in particle form. The radiation that is most commonly associated with applications in nuclear medicine or in the work of the nuclear industry is called nuclear radiation. It belongs to the ionizing radiation which means it produces enough energy to ionize the substance with which it interacts, for example in a biological system, when an electron erupts from an atom and ions are formed. Radiation is emitted spontaneously by the decay of unstable nuclei until one passes into a stable energy condition thus transforming into other types of atoms. This process represents radioactive decay, and the whole phenomenon is known as radioactivity. In this paper, emphasis is placed on the disclosure of how nuclear radiation is affected and what consequences it leaves on biological systems, largely based on the human body and the impact on general health and the DNA molecule. A historical overview of radioactivity is given, the origin and properties of different types of nuclear radiation are described, and different types of radiation doses and their permitted sizes are defined. Methods of radiation protection are described, as well as radiant measuring devices that can measure that radiation.

• Keywords: nuklearno zračenje; radioaktivnost; biološki utjecaj; doze zračenja; posljedice zračenja; zdravlje
• Keywords (english): nuclear radiation; radioactivity; biological impact; radiation dose; radiation effects; health
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:510206
• Study programme: Title: Applied Chemistry - Undergraduate study; specializations in: Environmental chemistry and green technologies, Advanced materials and technologies, Applied organic chemistry; Course: Environmental chemistry and green technologies; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) primijenjene kemije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) primijenjene kemije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Closed access
• Created on: 2023-05-03 13:09:44