Ljuskice od jaja - prirodni katalizatori u procesu proizvodnje biodizela

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Eggshells - a natural catalyst for biodiesel production
• Author: Dora Horvat
• Mentor: Aleksandra Sander (mentor)
• Committee member: Aleksandra Sander (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jasna Prlić Kardum (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Juraj Šipušić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2020-09-11, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering

Abstract

Biodizel predstavlja obećavajuću i održivu alternativu za konvencionalna mineralna goriva. Uobičajeni katalizatori za proizvodnju biodizela su homogeni bazični katalizatori koji omogućuju najpovoljnije reakcijske uvjete uz najveće iskorištenje, ali su povezani s višestrukim faktorima koji uzrokuju onečišćenje okoliša. Stoga je istraživanje heterogenih katalizatora, koji su ekološki prihvatljivi i imaju mogućnost regeneracije, bilo presudno. Kalcijev oksid CaO smatra se povoljnim heterogenim bazičnim katalizatorom za reakciju transesterifikacije i može se dobiti iz različitih prirodnih resursa. U ovom radu istražena je mogućnost sinteze biodizela procesom transesterifikacije iz biljnih ulja pomoću CaO dobivenog iz otpada ljuski jajeta. Usitnjene ljuske od jaja kalcinirane su 2 sata pri 1000 °C. Površina CaO okarakterizirana je Brunauer-Emmet-Teller metodom, simultanom termogravimetrijskom i diferencijalnom toplinskom analizom određena je toplinska stabilnost katalizatora, a fazni sastav ljuski jajeta prije i nakon kalciniranja metodom rendgenske difrakcije. Produkti transesterifikacije podvrgnuti su infracrvenoj spektroskopiji s Fourierovom transformacijom te spektroskopiji protonske nuklearne magnetske rezonance. Na temelju eksperimentalnih rezultata, odabrane su sirovine ulja koje su se pokazale najpovoljnijim za dobivanje biodizela pomoću CaO.

Abstract (english)

Biodiesel represents a promising and sustainable alternative to conventional minerals fuels. Common catalysts for biodiesel production are homogeneous base catalysts which provide the most favorable reaction conditions with the highest yield, but are associated with multiple factors that cause environmental pollution. Therefore, the research of heterogeneous catalysts, which are environmentally friendy and have the possibility of regeneration, was crucial. Calcium oxide CaO is considered a favorable heterogeneous base catalyst for the transesterification reaction and can be obtained from a variety of natural resources. In this paper, the possibility of biodiesel synthesis by transesterification process from vegetable oil using CaO obtained from egg shell waste was investigated. Pulverized egg shells were calcined for 2 hours at 1000 °C. The surface of CaO was characterized by the Brunauer-Emmet-Teller method, simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis determined the thermal stability of the catalyst and the phase composition of egg shells before and after calcination by X-ray diffraction. The products of transesterification were subjected to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Based on the experimental results, the oil feedstocks which proved to be the most favorable for the production of biodiesel using CaO were selected.

• Keywords: biodizel; prirodni katalizator; kalcijev oksid; transesterifikacija; biljna ulja
• Keywords (english): biodiesel; green catalyst; calcium oxide; transesterification; vegetable oil
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:284447
• Study programme: Title: Materials Science and Engineering - Undergraduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2023-05-04 08:46:12