Sinteza metakrilatnih tert-polimernih aditiva s funkcionalnim 2-(diizopropilamino)etil metakrilatom za poboljšanje niskotemperaturnih svojstava dizela

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Synthesis of methacrylate tert-polymer additives with functional 2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate for improvement of low-temperature diesel properties
• Author: Laura Milek
• Mentor: Fabio Faraguna (mentor)
• Committee member: Fabio Faraguna (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Elvira Vidović (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marin Kovačić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-07-07, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering

Abstract

Dizelsko gorivo je naftna prerađevina kojemu se smanjenjem određenih komponenata čuva okoliš, ali gubi puni sjaj tog istog goriva. Svrha ovog rada je sinteza polimernih aditiva kojima je funkcija poboljšanje niskotemperaturnih svojstava dizelskog goriva. Sintetizirano je ukupno šest polimernih aditiva radikalnom polimerizacijom. Reakcija se odvijala izotermno pri 95 °C uz 70% inicijator Peroxan PO 70 tijekom 4 sata. Polimeri imaju različite udjele dugolančanih komonomera, oktadecil-metakrilat i dodecil-metakrilat: 1:1, 1:3, 3:1 i različite udjele metilmetakrilata (35%, 45%). Pripremljenje su i formulacije polimernih aditiva koncentracije 2000 ppm s neaditiviranim dizelom kako bi se ispitalo djelovanje polimernih aditiva pri niskotemperaturnim svojstvima. Metodom infracrvene spektrosktroskopije s Fourierovom transformacijom i metodom 1H nuklearnom magnetskom rezonancijom provjerena je čistoća sintetiziranih polimera u vidu zaostalih monomera te potvrđena stuktura sintetiziranih polimera. Prema FTIR ATR i 1H NMR analizi polimerni aditivi su zadovoljavajuće čistoće, točnije početni sastav smjese monomera približno odgovara sastavu sintetiziranog polimernog aditiva s 0,81% zaostalih monomera. Diferencijalnom pretražnom kalorimetrijom određene su temperature kristalizacije i entalpije kristalizacije čistih polimernih aditiva i formulacija u dizelu. Spektri analize prikazuju kako porastom udjela oktadecil-metakrilat komonomera temperatura kristalizacije se povećava, dok kod formulacija aditiva s dizelom temperatura kristalizacije se snižava porastom udjela oktadecilmetakrilat komonomera. Morfologija kristalizacije n-parafina u dizelu praćena je optičkim mikroskopom s polarizacijom opremljenim hladnim postoljem. Uočena je promjena kristala formulacija polimernog aditiva MDO35-D5-31 koncentracije 2000 ppm u dizelu, kristali su manji i sferičnog oblika. Formulacija dizelskog goriva s dodatkom 2000 ppm aditiva provedena je po ASTM D5950 metodi koje je pokazalo poboljšanje točke tečenja dizelskog goriva dodatkom sintetiziranih polimernih aditiva.

Abstract (english)

Diesel fuel is a petroleum product that, by reducing certain amounts of components, helps preserve the environment but loses the full potential of the fuel. The purpose of this study is to synthesize polymeric additives that improve the low-temperature properties of diesel fuel. A total of six polymeric additives were synthesized through radical polymerization. The reaction was carried out isothermally at 95 °C using 70% Peroxan PO 70 initiator for 4 hours. The polymers have different ratios of long-chain comonomers, octadecyl methacrylate, and dodecyl methacrylate: 1:1, 1:3, 3:1, and different ratios of methyl methacrylate (35%, 45%). Formulations of polymeric additives were prepared at a concentration of 2000 ppm with untreated diesel to investigate the effect of polymeric additives on the low-temperature properties. The purity of synthesized polymers in terms of residual monomers and the confirmed structure of the synthesized polymers were verified using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance method. According to the FTIR ATR and 1H NMR analyses, the polymer additives exhibit satisfactory purity. More specifically, the initial composition of the monomer mixture approximately corresponds to the composition of the synthesized polymer additive with 0.81% residual monomers. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to determine the crystallization temperatures and enthalpies of crystallization for pure polymeric additives and formulations with diesel. The analysis spectra showed that as the ratio of octadecyl methacrylate comonomer increased, the crystallization temperature also increased, while in the additive formulations with diesel, the crystallization temperature decreased with the increase in the ratio of octadecyl methacrylate comonomer. The morphology of n-paraffin crystallization in diesel was observed using a polarizing optical microscope equipped with a cold stage. A change in the crystals of the 2000 ppm concentration formulation of the polymeric additive MDO35-D5-31 in diesel was observed, with smaller and spherical-shaped crystals. A formulation of diesel fuel with the addition of 2000 ppm additive was performed using the ASTM D5950 method, which showed an improvement in the pour point of diesel fuel with the addition of the synthesized polymeric additives.

• Keywords: dizelsko gorivo; polimerni aditivi; niskotemperaturna svojstva dizela; ASTM D5950 metoda
• Keywords (english): diesel fuel; polymeric additives; low-temperature diesel properties; ASTM D5950 method
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:558724
• Study programme: Title: Environmental Engineering - Undergraduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka ekoinženjerstva (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka ekoinženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Embargoed access; Embargo expiration date: 2025-01-01
• Created on: 2023-07-25 13:34:27