Metode uklanjanja i razgradnje perfluoriranih spojeva u vodama

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Removal and degradation methods for perfluorinated compounds in water
• Author: Veronika Stepan
• Mentor: Hrvoje Kušić (mentor)
• Committee member: Hrvoje Kušić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ana Lončarić Božić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Matija Cvetnić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-09-22, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Interdisciplinary Technical Sciences

Abstract

Perfluorirani spojevi (engl. perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances - PFAS) antropogeni su organski spojevi koji se koriste kao sredstva za odbijanje vode, prljavština ili masti te kao zaštitni premazi i sprejevi. Zabrinutost oko perfluoriranih spojeva raste zbog njihove postojanosti, trajnosti, toksičnosti i otpornosti. Bioakumuliraju se u okolišu te su poznatiji pod nazivom „vječne kemikalije“. Naizgled korisni spojevi s vremenom pokazuju svoju negativnu stranu i postaju prijetnja za okoliš i organizme koji žive u njemu. Prisutni su u svim sastavnicama u okolišu pa se tako nalaze i u vodama. Pošto je voda ključan segment bez koje život nije moguć, važna je njezina kakvoća. Iz tog razloga potreba za uklanjanjem perfluoriranih spojeva iz voda raste te su uvedene metode obrade otpadnih voda koje se cijelo vrijeme razvijaju kako bi se unaprijedila njihova učinkovitost. Metode obrade otpadnih voda dijele se na konvencionalne, biološke i napredne metode pri čemu se napredne koriste za obradu voda od perfluoriranih spojeva zbog neučinkovitosti konvencionalnih i bioloških metoda. Cilj ovog rada je dati uvid u napredne metode obrade otpadnih voda od PFAS-a. Pritom će detaljnije biti pojašnjeni fotokemijski i fotokatalitički procesi, elektrokemijski oksidacijski procesi i ozonacija. U ovom radu prikazana je učinkovitost konvencionalnih, bioloških i naprednih metoda. Konvencionalne mogu postići djelomično uklanjanje
(67 % - 75 %), biološke postižu razgradnju od najviše 45 %, a napredne su sposobne za vrlo visok stupanj razgradnje (> 99 % fotokatalizom i ozonacijom) te postoji i mogućnost mineralizacije PFAS-a elektrokemijskom oksidacijom.

Abstract (english)

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are anthropogenic organic compounds that are used as water, dirt or grease repellants and as protective coatings and sprays. Concerns about perfluorinated compounds are growing due to their persistence, durability, toxicity and resistance. They bioaccumulate in the environment and are also known as "forever chemicals". Seemingly useful compounds show their negative side over time and become a threat to the environment and the organisms that live in it. They are present in all components in the environment, they are also found in water. Since water is a key segment without which life is not possible, its quality is important. For this reason, the need to remove perfluorinated compounds from water is growing, and wastewater treatment methods that have been introduced that are constantly being developed in order to improve their efficiency. Wastewater treatment methods are divided into conventional, biological and advanced methods, whereby advanced methods are used to treat water from perfluorinated compounds due to the inefficiency of conventional and biological methods. The aim of this paper is to provide an insight into advanced methods of wastewater treatment from PFAS. Photochemical and photocatalytic processes, electrochemical oxidation processes and ozonation will be explained in more detail. This paper shows the effectiveness of conventional, biological and advanced methods. Conventional ones can achieve partial removal (67 % - 75 %), biological ones achieve a maximum of 45 % decomposition, and advanced ones are capable of a very high degree of decomposition (> 99 % by photocatalysis and ozonation) and there is also the possibility of PFAS mineralization
by electrochemical oxidation.

• Keywords: perfluorirani spojevi; onečišćenje; bioakumulacija; razgradnja; napredne metode obrade otpadnih voda
• Keywords (english): perfluorinated compounds; pollution; bioaccumulation; decomposition; advanced methods of wastewater treatment
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:521779
• Project: Number: IPS-2022-02-4780; Title: Fotokatalitička razgradnja perfluoriranih spojeva u vodi uz Sunčevo zračenje (SoAPperF); Title: Solar-assisted photocatalytic degradation of perfluorinated compounds in water (SoAPperF); Acronym: SoAPperF; Leader: Hrvoje Kušić; Jurisdiction: Croatia; Funder: HRZZ; Funding stream: IPS
• Study programme: Title: Environmental Engineering - Undergraduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka ekoinženjerstva (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka ekoinženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access; Embargo expiration date: 2024-04-01
• Created on: 2023-11-30 14:31:50