Postojana organska onečišćivala u slatkim vodama: prostorna distribucija i analiza rizika

master's thesis

• Title (english): Persistent organic pollutants in freshwater: spatial distribution and risk analysis
• Author: Ivana Terzić
• Mentor: Šime Ukić (mentor)
• Mentor: Snježana Herceg Romanić (komentor)
• Committee member: Šime Ukić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Matija Cvetnić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Snježana Herceg Romanić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-03-28, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Chemistry

Abstract

Ovaj diplomski rad usredotočen je na proučavanje postojanih organskih ončišćivala (engl. persistent organic pollutants, POPs), stavljajući naglasak na njihove osnovne karakteristike te ekotoksikološke rizike koje predstavljaju. U radu su detaljno analizirani poliklorirani bifenili (PCB), organoklorni pesticidi (OCP) i policiklički aromatski ugljikovodici (PAH) kao primjeri POPs-ova. Inovativni aspekt ovog rada je primjena in silico modeliranja, uključujući prediktivnu toksikologiju i napredne statističke analize, kako bi se poboljšalo razumijevanje i predviđanje toksikoloških svojstava ovih onečišćujućih tvari. Upotrebom VEGA QSAR modela analizirana je toksičnost, postojanost i bioakumulacija u sedimentima Hrvatske, koja je zbog svojih bogatih vodnih resursa idealna za proučavanje utjecaja POPs-ova. Sedimenti služe kao indikator za procjenu onečišćenja zahvaljujući svojoj sposobnosti akumulacije tvari.
Iako postoje određena mjerenja, podaci o rasprostranjenosti i koncentracijama PCB-ova i OCP-ova su ograničeni, što ističe potrebu za daljnjim istraživanjima. Napredak ovog rada leži u primjeni sofisticiranih analitičkih metoda, uključujući kemometrijske pristupe, kao što su analiza glavnih komponenata (PCA) i hijerarhijska klaster analiza (HCA), koje omogućuju detaljnu obradu i interpretaciju prikupljenih podataka. Ovi pristupi omogućavaju ne samo identifikaciju i kvantifikaciju prisutnosti spojeva u sedimentima, već i dubinsko razumijevanje njihove distribucije, transporta i ekotoksikološkog utjecaja na akvatične ekosustave.
Kroz temeljitu analizu uzoraka sedimenta prikupljenih iz različitih dijelova Hrvatske,
rad istražuje regionalne razlike u koncentracijama i potencijalnim izvorima promatranih onečišćujućih tvari, te evaluira rizike koje one predstavljaju za okoliš i zdravlje ljudi. Zaključno, rad pridonosi značajnom napretku u razumijevanju ekotoksikoloških rizika povezanih s postojanim organskim onečišćujućim tvarima u hrvatskim slatkovodnim ekosustavima, naglašavajući potrebu za daljnjim istraživanjima i implementacijom adekvatnih mjera zaštite.

Abstract (english)

This thesis is focused on the study of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), emphasizing their basic characteristics and the ecotoxicological risks they pose. It provides a detailed analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as examples of POPs. An innovative aspect of this work is the application of „in silico“ modeling, including predictive toxicology and advanced statistical analyses, to enhance the understanding and prediction of the toxicological properties of these pollutants. The toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation in Croatian sediments, which are ideal for studying the impact of POPs due to the country's rich water resources, were analyzed using the VEGA QSAR model. Sediments serve as an indicator for pollution assessment thanks to their ability to accumulate substances. While certain measurements exist, data on the prevalence and concentrations of PCBs and OCPs are limited, highlighting the need for further research. This work advances by applying sophisticated analytical methods, including chemometric approaches such as principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), which allow for a detailed processing and interpretation of collected data. These approaches enable not only the identification and quantification of compounds in sediments but also a deep understanding of their distribution, transport and ecotoxicological impact on aquatic ecosystems. Through a thorough analysis of sediment samples collected from various parts of Croatia, the study explores regional differences in concentrations and potential sources of the observed pollutants and evaluates the risks they pose to the environment and human health. In conclusion, this work contributes significantly to the understanding of the ecotoxicological risks associated with persistent organic pollutants in Croatian freshwater ecosystems, underscoring the need for further research and the implementation of adequate protection measures.

• Keywords: postojana organska onečišćivala; slatkovodni sustav; procjena ekotoksikološkog rizika; QSAR; analiza glavnih komponenata; hijerarhijska klaster analiza
• Keywords (english): persistent organic pollutants; freshwater system; ecotoxicological risk assessment; QSAR; principal component analysis; hierarchical cluster analysis
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:797145
• Project: Number: KK.01.1.1.02.0007; Title: Istraživačko-edukacijski centar za zdravstvenu i medicinsku ekologiju i zaštitu od zračenja – Rekonstrukcija i dogradnja Instituta za medicinska istraživanja i medicinu rada u Zagrebu; Title: Research and Educational Centre of Environmental Health and Radiation Protection – Reconstruction and Expansion of the Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health in Zagreb; Acronym: ReC-IMI; Leader: Radovan Fuchs, Ana Lucić Vrdoljak; Jurisdiction: eu; Funder: EC; Funding stream: EFRR
• Project: Number: N/A; Title: Onečišćenje okoliša i ljudsko zdravlje: fizikalno-kemijska analiza, toksičnost i modeli strojnog učenja; Title: Environment pollution and human health: physico-chemical analysis, toxicity, and machine learning models; Acronym: EnvironPollutHealth; Leader: Snježana Herceg Romanić; Jurisdiction: eu; Funder: EC; Funding stream: NextGenerationEU
• Study programme: Title: Environmental Engineering - Graduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka ekoinženjerstva (sveučilišni/a magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka ekoinženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-03-28 12:47:14