Sudbina i ponašanje perfluoriranih spojeva

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Fate and behavior of perfluorinated compounds
• Author: Ana Pećnjak
• Mentor: Hrvoje Kušić (mentor)
• Committee member: Hrvoje Kušić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Matija Cvetnić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Josipa Papac Zjačić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-06-20, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Interdisciplinary Technical Sciences

Abstract

Perfluorirani i polifluorirani spojevi (engl. Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFAS) organski su spojevi koji se upotrebljavaju u sredstvima za impregnaciju, čišćenje prljavštine, masnoća s predmeta ili kao zaštitni premazi. Potkraj 20. stoljeća dokazano je da teško podliježu razgradnji te je dokazano kako se mogu akumulirati u okolišu. Od tada se istražuju njihovi utjecaji na okoliš i ljudsko zdravlje. Podliježu mnogim fizikalno-kemijskim promjenama što može štetno utjecati na ljudsko zdravlje i okoliš. U svojoj strukturi posjeduju vezu između C atoma ugljika i F atoma fluora, koja se smatra jednom od najjačih veza organske kemije. Posjedovanje te veze pridonosi njihovoj postojanosti u okolišu te se još nazivaju i „vječnim kemikalijama”. Prisutni su u svim sastavnicama okoliša te se nakupljaju u okolišu. Najraširenije vrste PFAS-a u okolišu su perfluorooktanska kiselina (engl. Perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOA) i perfluoroktan sulfonska kiselina (engl. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, PFOS), koje se koriste u većini industrijskih procesa i potrošačkim proizvodima. PFAS-i se smatraju postojanim organskim onečišćivalima (engl. Persistent organic pollutants, POPs) zbog čega su donesene direktive i uredbe kojima se nastoji urediti njihova upotreba i ispuštanje u okoliš; 2009. godine perfluorirani spojevi uvršteni su u Stockholmsku konvenciju o postojanim onečišćujućim tvarima. Direktivom Europskog parlamenta i vijeća o kvaliteti vode za piće namijenjene za ljudsku potrošnju (engl. The Drinking Water Directive) donesene su granične vrijednosti koncentracija koje ne smiju prelaziti 0,1 do 0,5 μg L^-1. Cilj ovog rada je predstaviti grupu antropogenih perfuoriranih organskih spojeva; načine unosa u okoliš, njihovo ponašanje i sudbinu te prikazati njihov utjecaj na sastavnice okoliša i ljudski organizam.

Abstract (english)

Perfluorinated and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS) are organic compounds used in impregnation agents, cleaning agents for dirt, grease from surfaces, or as protective coatings. At the end of the 20th century, it was proven that they are resistant to degradation and can accumulate in the environment. Since then, their impacts on the environment and human health have been under investigation. They undergo many physicochemical changes which can have harmful effects on human health and the environment. In their structure, they possess a bond between carbon (C) atoms and fluorine (F) atoms, which is considered one of the strongest bonds in organic chemistry. This bond contributes to their persistence in the environment, earning them the nickname "forever chemicals". They are present in all components of the environment and accumulate in it. The most widespread types of PFAS in the environment are perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), which are used in most industrial processes and consumer products. PFAS are considered persistent organic pollutants (POPs), leading to the adoption of directives and regulations aimed at regulating their use and release into the environment; in 2009, perfluorinated compounds were included in the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. The Drinking Water Directive of the European Parliament and Council sets concentration limits that must not exceed 0.1 to 0.5 μg L^-1. The aim of this paper is to present the group of anthropogenic perfluorinated organic compounds; their pathways into the environment, behavior, and fate, and to demonstrate their impact on environmental components and the human body.

• Keywords: PFAS; bioakumulacija; PFOA; PFOS; onečišćenje
• Keywords (english): PFAS; biacumulation; PFOA; PFOS; pollution
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:856337
• Project: Number: IPS-2022-02-4780; Title: Fotokatalitička razgradnja perfluoriranih spojeva u vodi uz Sunčevo zračenje; Title: Solar-assisted photocatalytic degradation of perfluorinated compounds in water; Acronym: SoAPperF; Leader: Hrvoje Kušić; Jurisdiction: Croatia; Funder: Hrvatska zaklada za znanost; Funding stream: Slovenian-Croatian Bilateral Projects
• Study programme: Title: Environmental Engineering - Undergraduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka ekoinženjerstva (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka ekoinženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Embargoed access; Embargo expiration date: 2025-06-01
• Created on: 2024-07-02 09:45:46