Degradation of Ribavirin and Emtricitabine by Fenton oxidation

master's thesis

• Title (croatian): Razgradnja antivirusnih lijekova Ribavirina i Emtricitabina Fentonovom oksidacijom
• Author: Tyler Nicholas Zanki
• Mentor: Matija Cvetnić (mentor)
• Committee member: Matija Cvetnić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Šime Ukić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Lidija Furač (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Granter: University of Split; Faculty of Chemistry and Technology; Split
• Defense date and country: 2024-09-25, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Chemistry

Abstract

Along with all the benefits modern medicine has brought, they have also brought issues pertaining to their disposal. Removing medical pollutants from wastewater protects humans as well as the environment. Fenton oxidation is a quick and relatively inexpensive option to oxidize pollutants in wastewater. This thesis investigates the best conditions for Fenton oxidation to decompose two common antiviral medications: ribavirin and emtricitabine.
The tested conditions were reactant concentrations and pH of the reaction. Fenton oxidation requires an iron (II) ion to hydroxyl radicals from hydrogen peroxide that then oxidize the antivirals. Iron (II) concentrations were tested against concentration of hydrogen peroxide in three concentration levels. Each experiment was conducted at three pH levels: 3, 4, and 5. High-performance liquid chromatography was employed to analyze the results.
Response surface modelling was employed to determine the relationship between reactant and pollutant concentrations and the significance of those results were determined by ANOVA. The ribavirin decomposition was plagued by side reactions that reduced the available radical to decompose the medication, resulting in low decomposition but significant results. Emtricitabine decomposition fared better, resulting in complete and near-complete decomposition in one minute with significant results.

Abstract (croatian)

Uz sve prednosti koje je donijela suvremena medicina, došli su i problemi kod njihova zbrinjavanja i uklanjanja. Uklanjanje medicinskih onečišćujuća tvar iz otpadnih voda štiti ljude kao i okoliš. Fenton oksidacija je brza i relativno jeftina opcija za oksidaciju zagađivača u otpadnoj vodi. Ovaj rad istražuje najbolje uvjete za Fentonovu oksidaciju za razgradnju dva uobičajena antivirusna lijeka: ribavirin i emtricitabin. Uvjeti u ispitivanju bili su koncentracije reaktanata i pH reakcije. Fentonova oksidacija zahtijeva ion željeza (II) za razgradnju vodikovog peroksida u hidroksilne radijale koji zatim oksidiraju antivirusne lijekove. Ispitane su tri koncentracije iona željeza (II) u odnosu na tri koncentracije vodikovog peroksida.
Svaki eksperiment je proveden na tri razine pH: 3, 4 i 5. Za analizu rezultata korištena je tekućinska kromatografija visoke učinkovitosti. Modeliranje površine odgovora korišteno je za određivanje odnosa između koncentracija reaktanata, a značajnost tih rezultata određena je ANOVA. Razgradnja ribavirina bila je praćena nuspojavama koje su smanjile raspoloživi radikal za razgradnju lijeka, što je rezultiralo slabom razgradnjom, ali značajnim rezultatima. Razgradnja emtricitabina bila je bolja, što je rezultiralo potpunom i gotovo potpunom razgradnjom u jednoj minuti sa značajnim rezultatima.

• Keywords: pharmaceuticals; environmental protection; Fenton oxidation; high-performance liquid chromatography
• Keywords (croatian): lijekovi; zaštita okoliša; Fenton oksidacija; tekućinska kromatografija visoke djelotvornosti
• Language: english
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:578081
• Project: Number: IP-2022-10-2822; Title: Okolišni aspekti SARS-CoV-2 antivirotika; Title: Environmental Aspects of SARS-CoV-2 Antiviral Substances; Acronym: EnA-SARS; Leader: Šime Ukić; Jurisdiction: Croatia; Funder: Hrvatska zaklada za znanost; Funding stream: Research Projects
• Study programme: Title: Chemical and environmental technology - graduate - university; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva (sveučilišni/a magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Embargoed access; Embargo expiration date: 2027-12-15
• Created on: 2024-11-06 13:27:10