Galaktooligosaharidi - sinteza i primjena

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Galactooligosaccharides - synthesis and application
• Author: Erza Stajku
• Mentor: Zvjezdana Findrik Blažević (mentor)
• Committee member: Zvjezdana Findrik Blažević (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Martina Sudar (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marija Vuković Domanovac (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-09-20, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering

Abstract

Galaktooligosaharidi kao skupina oligosaharida koja se zbog svoje strukture i svojstava neprobavljivosti u gornjem dijelu probavnog sustava ubraja u skupinu prebiotika sve se više proučava. Njihov prebiotički učinak najviše je izražen u donjem dijelu probavnog sustava – u debelom crijevu budući da tamo postaju hrana za korisne bakterije i samim time pospješuju njihov rast. Korisne bakterije poput bifidobakterija i laktobacila potrebne su u što većem broju zbog svog pozitivnog učinka na crijevnu mikrofloru. Po kemijskoj strukturi, spojevi su koji se sastoje od lanca molekula galaktoze koje su glikozidnim vezama povezane na molekulu glukoze. Cilj ovog rada jest upoznati se sa sintezom ovih spojeva iz raznih supstrata, konkretno laktoze te istražiti gdje se sve oni mogu primijeniti. Sinteza galaktooligosaharida provodi se pomoću enzima poput β-galaktozidaze koji razgrađuju laktozu (disaharid koji se sastoji od glukoze i galaktoze) i potom kataliziraju prijenos galaktoznih jedinica na različite akceptorske molekule. Kao prebiotički spojevi, svoju primjenu nalaze prvenstveno u prehrambenoj industriji, a potom i u farmaceutskoj i kozmetičkoj. Također, pomažu u očuvanju zdravlja kostiju te jačanju imunološkog sustava.

Abstract (english)

Galactooligosaccharides, a group of oligosaccharides that are classified as prebiotics due to their structure and indigestibility in the upper part of the digestive system, are increasingly being studied. Their prebiotic effect is most pronounced in the lower part of the digestive system—in the colon—since they become food for beneficial bacteria there, thereby promoting their growth. Beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli are needed in large numbers due to their positive effect on the intestinal microflora. By chemical structure, these are compounds consisting of a chain of galactose molecules linked to a glucose molecule by glycosidic bonds. The aim of this work is to explore the synthesis of these compounds from various substrates, specifically lactose, and to investigate their potential applications. The synthesis of galactooligosaccharides is carried out using enzymes like β-galactosidase, which break down lactose (a disaccharide consisting of glucose and galactose) and then catalyze the transfer of galactose units to different acceptor molecules. As prebiotic compounds, they are primarily used in the food industry, and also in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Additionally, they help in maintaining bone health and strengthening the immune system.

• Keywords: galaktooligosaharidi; prebiotici; probavni sustav; korisne bakterije; laktoza; enzimska sinteza; β-galaktozidaza
• Keywords (english): galactooligosaccharides; prebiotics; digestive system; beneficial bacteria; lactose; enzymatic synthesis; β-galactosidase
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:680542
• Project: Number: 101000560; Title: Rapid discovery and development of enzymes for novel and greener consumer products; Acronym: RadicalZ; Leader: Zvjezdana Findrik Blažević; Jurisdiction: eu; Funder: Europska unija; Funding stream: Horizon 2020
• Study programme: Title: Environmental Engineering - Undergraduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka ekoinženjerstva (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka ekoinženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-11-17 17:28:21