Title Utjecaj matrice vode na mineralizaciju salicilne kiseline ozonacijom Title (english) The effect of water matrix on the mineralization of salicylic acid by ozonation Author Barbara Kalebić Mentor Hrvoje Kušić (mentor)Committee member Hrvoje Kušić (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Ana Lončarić Božić (član povjerenstva)Committee member Šime Ukić (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2018-09-25, Croatia Scientific / art field, TECHNICAL SCIENCES Abstract Porast količine farmaceutika u okolišu posljedica je naglog razvoja u medicini i farmaciji te njihove intenzivnije primjene. Okolišni vodeni sustavi najizloženija su okolišna sastavnica onečišćenju farmaceuticima. Farmaceutici u vodeni okoliš dospijevaju otpadnim vodama iz postrojenja farmaceutske industrije, nepravilnim odlaganjem neiskorištenih lijekova na odlagalištima te preko komunalnih otpadnih voda kao nemetabolizirane farmaceutske tvari i/ili metaboliti nastali ulaskom aktivne farmaceutske tvari u razne biološke reakcije u organizmu. Nastali metaboliti problem su za sebe, jer često znaju biti manje pogodnih svojstava po okoliš od početne farmaceutske tvari, na primjer toksičniji te teže ili ne biorazgradivi. Salicilna kiselina (SA) glavni je metabolit acetilsalicilne kiseline, poznatije po trgovačkom nazivu aspirin. SA također je prirodno prisutna u nekim biljkama kao fitohormon te se koristi u liječenju raznih kožnih bolesti. Proces ozonacije pokazao se kao učinkovit način njezinog uklanjanja iz otpadnih i okolišnih voda. Istražena je učinkovitost referentnog procesa direktne ozonacije, procesa ozonacije kao naprednog oksidacijskog procesa, katalitičke ozonacije (O3/Fe2+, O3/Mn2+), ozonacije pod UV-C zračenjem (UV-C/O3) te katalitičke ozonacije u kombinaciji s UV-C zračenjem (UV-C/Fe2+/O3 i UV-C/Mn2+/O3) za mineralizaciju SA-e pri dvije različite pH vrijednosti (pH 3 i 11). Prema dobivenim rezultatima NPOC analize, znatno ubrzanje mineralizacije ostvareno je katalitičkim procesima, uz i bez djelovanja UV zračenja, u usporedni s direktnom i naprednom ozonacijom. Katalitički proces UV-C/Fe2+/O3 predstavlja proces s najvećom brzinom mineralizacije, a može se opisati kinetičkim modelom nultoga reda, pri čemu je kobs = 74,3 M^-1 min^-1. Zatim su ispitane promjene okolišnih pokazatelja (KPK, BPK5 i akutna toksičnost na Vibrio fischeri) tijekom obrade vode opterećene SA-om, anorganskim solima (kloridima, nitratima, fosfatima i sulfatima) te NOM-om za referentni proces direktne ozonacije i UV-C/Fe2+/O3 proces. Najznačajniji porast biorazgradivosti kod direktne ozonacije ostvaren je u prisutnosti klorida te NOM-a, dok procesom UV-C/Fe2+/O3 dolazi do male, neznatne porasti biorazgradivosti svih ispitivanih matrica. Vidljiva je smanjena toksičnost po V. fischeri pri svim eksperimentima direktne ozonacije, a u svim istraživanim slučajevima nakon provedbe UV-C/Fe2+/O3 procesa otopine su pokazale stimulirajući učinak prema V. fischeri.
Abstract (english) The increase in the amount of pharmaceuticals in the environment is the result of rapid development of medicine and pharmacy, and also the more intensive use of pharmaceuticals. Environmental water systems are the most exposed to contamination with pharmaceuticals. Pharmaceuticals enter the environment via pharmaceutical industry plants, via improper disposal of unused pharmaceutics on landfills, and as metabolites and/or non-metabolised pharmaceutical supstances that are the result of various biological reactions of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) in the organisms via municipal waste water. The resulting metabolites that are formed this way are a problem for themselves, as they often have less favorable environmental properties than the initial matter, for example they are more toxic and harder or non-biodegradable. Salicylic acid (SA) is the major metabolite of acetylsalicylic acid, known by the commercial name aspirin. SA is also naturally present in some plants as phytohormone, and it is used in the treatment of various skin diseases. Ozonation proved to be an effective way of removing SA from waste and natural water. In this paper the effectiveness of the reference process of direct ozonation, the ozonation as an advanced oxidation process, catalytic ozonation (O3/Fe2+, O3/Mn2+), UV-C ozonation (UV-C/O3) and catalytic ozonation combined with UV-C radiation (UV-C/Fe2+/O3 i UV-C/Mn2+/O3) for mineralization of SA at two different pH values (pH 3 and pH 11) was investigate. According to the results of the NPOC analysis, in comparison with direct and advanced ozonation, a significant acceleration of mineralization was achieved by catalytic processes with and without UV radiation. The catalytic process of UV-C/Fe2+/O3 represents the process with the highest rate of mineralization and it can be described by the zero-order kinetic model with kobs = 74,3 M^-1 min^-1. Subsequently, changes in environmental parameters (COD, BOD5 and acute toxicity on Vibrio fischeri) were monitored in direct ozonation and UV-C/Fe2+/O3 treatment of water loaded with SA, inorganic salts (chlorides, nitrates, phosphates and sulphates) and NOM. The most significant increase of biodegradability in direct ozonation treatment was achieved in the presence of chloride and NOM, while the UV-C/Fe2+/O3 process results in a small, slight increase in biodegradability in all tested matrices. There was a significant decrease in toxicity on V. fischeri in all experiments with direct ozonation experiments, and in all investigated cases with applied UV-C/Fe2+/O3 process, the solutions showed a stimulating effect towards V. fischeri.
Keywords
salicilna kiselina
ozonacija
katalitička ozonacija
matrica vode
okolišni pokazatelji
Keywords (english)
salicylic acid
ozonation
catalytic ozonation
water matrices
environmental parameters
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:149:213198 Study programme Title: Environmental Engineering - Graduate study Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Closed access Terms of use Created on 2020-10-26 12:07:58
