Određivanje toksičnosti kemoterapeutika u vodi bakterijama Vibrio fischeri

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Toxicity determination of chemotherapeutic agents in the water by Vibrio fischeri bacteria
• Author: Maja Halužan
• Mentor: Danijela Ašperger (mentor)
• Committee member: Danijela Ašperger (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Mirta Čizmić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Davor Dolar (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2017-09-22, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Chemistry; Analytic Chemistry

Abstract

U posljednje se vrijeme farmaceutska industrija sve više širi, te je broj farmaceutski aktivnih komponenti (PhAC) na tržištu svakodnevno sve veći. One dospijevaju u okoliš na razne načine, na primjer, putem otpadnih sirovina za proizvodnju istih, putem biološkog otpada izlučenog iz organizma konzumenta, te kao neiskorišteni višak na tržištu. Farmaceutski aktivne komponente i njihovi metaboliti nerijetko štete ekosustavu u kojem se u konačnici nađu. Stoga je bitno provoditi istraživanja koliko su pojedine komponente štetne, te na koji način unaprijediti i provesti što kvalitetnije uklanjanje istih iz onečišćenog sustava. Do danas je razvijeno mnogo metoda određivanja toksičnosti organskih zagađivala (testovi na bakterijama, algama, biljkama, beskralježnjacima i ribama). U ovom je radu ispitivana akutna toksičnost četiri kemoterapeutika (alendronat, hidroksiklorokin, metoklopramid, memantin) u vodi bakterijama Vibrio fischeri. Cilj rada bio je odrediti pokazuju li ispitivani kemoterapeutici akutnu toksičnost na temelju mjerenjem izračunatih EC50 i EC20 vrijednosti, te eventualno dobivene za toksičnost karakteristične S-krivulje koja se dobije kada se grafički u odnos postave koncentracija ispitivanog kemoterapeutika (γ, mg/L) te mjerenjem određeni postotak inhibicije (% inhib.) koji nam govori o potencijalnoj toksičnosti ispitivane tvari. Mjerenja su provedena standardnom metodom DIN 38 412-L-34 koja se temelji na mjerenju bioluminiscencije. Ona se ubraja u testove kratkog trajanja, te ima veliku prednost u odnosu na ostale „short term“ ili kratkotrajne testove, koji obično traju 48 ili 96 sati. Mjerenja za akutnu toksičnost uključuju svega 30 minuta inhibicije bakterija u pripremljenom uzorku ispitivanog kemoterapeutika. Provedeni eksperimenti pokazali su da ispitivani kemoterapeutici ne pokazuju gotovo nikakvu toksičnost, odnosno pokazuju zanemarivo malo toksično djelovanje, koje raste s porastom koncentracije. Također, pokazalo se da najvišu razinu toksičnosti na bakterije Vibrio fischeri pokazuje metoklopramid, a najnižu alendronat.

Abstract (english)

Recently, the pharmaceutical industry is expanding more than ever, and the number of pharmaceutical active compounds (PhAC) on the market is rapidly increasing. They are getting to the environment in various ways, e.g., by waste materials from production, through a biological waste excreted from consumers organisms, and also as unused surplus on the market. The pharmaceutical active compounds and their metabolites often damage the ecosystem where they are finally found. Therefore, it is essential to make some research on how much an individual component is harmful, and how to improve and implement the best possible way of removal from the contaminated system. To date, many methods have been developed for determining the toxicity of organic pollutants (tests on bacteria, algae, plants, invertebrates and fish). This paper examined the acute toxicity of four chemotherapeutics (alendronate, hydoxychloroquine, metoclopramide, memantine) in water with bacteria Vibrio fischeri. The aim of this study was to determine whether the tested chemotherapeutics shows acute toxicity based on EC50 and EC20 values, and eventually resulting toxicity characteristic S-curve, which is derived from a graphic in the ratio set concentration of the test chemotherapeutic agents (γ, mg/L) and measured percentage of inhibition, which tells about the potential toxicity of the test substance. The measurements were made using the standard method DIN 38 412-L-34 based on measuring of bioluminescence of Vibrio fischeri bacteria. It is one of the short term tests which have a great advantage over other short term tests, which typically last for 48 or 96 hours. Measurements for determination of the acute toxicity take only 30 minutes of bacteria inhibition in the prepared sample. The results of experiment showed that all tested chemotherapeutics show no, or negligible toxicity, which increases with concentration. Also, it was shown that the highest level of toxicity to Vibrio fischeri shows metoclopramide, and the lowest alendronate.

• Keywords: toksičnost; Vibrio fischeri; alendronat; hidroksiklorokin; metoklopramid; memantin
• Keywords (english): toxicity; Vibrio fischeri; alendronate; hydroxychloroquine; metoclopramide; memantine
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:750382
• Study programme: Title: Applied Chemistry - Undergraduate study; specializations in: Environmental chemistry and green technologies, Advanced materials and technologies, Applied organic chemistry; Course: Environmental chemistry and green technologies; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) primijenjene kemije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) primijenjene kemije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-06-10 13:01:12