Uklanjanje farmaceutika iz retentata reverzne osmoze

master's thesis

• Title (english): Removal of pharmaceuticals from reverse osmosis retentate
• Author: Bruna Babić
• Mentor: Davor Dolar (mentor)
• Committee member: Davor Dolar (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Krešimir Košutić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Danijela Ašperger (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019-09-27, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering

Abstract

Prisutnost farmaceutika u okolišu svakodnevno raste zbog sve veće primjene u zdravstvu i veterini, a većina se ispušta kontinuirano putem kanalizacijskog sustava te ih je zbog njihovog negativnog utjecaja na okoliš neophodno učinkovito ukloniti. Membranske tehnologije pokazale su se učinkovite u uklanjanju farmaceutika iz otpadnih voda, ali jedan od problema membranskih tehnologija je zbrinjavanje retentata (koncentrata). Onečišćenja u retentatu mogu imati utjecaj na ekosustav i kvalitetu vode u blizini mjesta njegovog odlaganja. U ovom radu ispitivano je uklanjanje antihelmintika (mebendazola) iz retentata adsorpcijom na granuliranom aktivnom ugljenu i fotolitičkom razgradnjom. Osim procesa adsorpcije i fotolitičke razgradnje, ispitana je i učinkovitost procesa membranske separacije mebendazola iz vode RO/NF membranama (XLE, NF90, NF270). Učinkovitost uklanjanja farmaceutika iz vode ovisilo je o veličini pora membrane i veličini farmaceutika, o interakcijama između farmaceutika i membrane, te fizikalno-kemijskim karakteristikama farmaceutika. Pokazano je da je mehanizam isključenja prema veličini dominantan mehanizam. Rezultatima FTIR analize utvrđeno je postojanje interakcija između membrane i farmaceutika, posebno kod membrana većih pora i većeg protoka. Dokazano je da manja brzina protoka i veća visina fiksnog aktivnog ugljena omogućuje bolju adsorpciju prilikom kolonske adsorpcije zbog većeg broja adsorpcijskih mjesta i boljeg kontakta adsorbensa i adsorbata. Fotolitička razgradnja farmaceutika ispitana je djelovanjem umjetne Sunčeve svjetlosti tijekom 2 i 24 h za različite koncentracije, međutim nije došlo do potpune razgradnje mebendazola te je došlo do nastajanja nove razgradne komponente.

Abstract (english)

The presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment is increasing daily because of the bigger use of it in health care and veterinary medicine, and the most of it is getting continuously released through the sewerage system which makes it important to remove it effectively because of the negative impact they have on our environment. Membrane processes have been shown as an effective way of removing pharmaceuticals from wastewaters, but one of the main problems of membrane technologies is the disposal of retentates (concentrates). Contaminants in the retentate can have a big effect on our ecosystem and on the quality of water that is close to the location of disposal. This paper examines anthelmintic removal from retentate by adsorption on a granular activated carbon (GAC) and by photolysis. Besides the processes of adsorption and photolysis, the effectiveness of membrane processes on separation of mebendazole from water through RO/NF membranes was also examined. The efficiency of pharmaceuticals removal from water depends on size of membrane pores and size of pharmaceuticals, interaction between pharmaceuticals and membrane, and physicochemical characteristics of pharmaceuticals. It is determined that dominant mechanism was the mechanism of exclusion depending on the size. The FTIR analysis results showed interactions between membrane and pharmaceuticals, especially in membranes with bigger pores and bigger flow. It is proven that smaller flow rate and bigger height of the fixed GAC layer enables better adsorption during column adsorption due to more adsorption sites and better contact of the adsorbent and adsorbate. Photolytic catabolism of pharmaceuticals is examined by artificial sun light over 2 and 24 hours for different concentrations, but it did not result in complete degradation of mebendazole but in formation of new degradation component.

• Keywords: reverzna osmoza; nanofiltracija; retentat; mebendazol; adsorpcija; fotoliza
• Keywords (english): reverse osmosis; nanofiltration; retentate; mebendazole; adsorption; photolysis
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:665248
• Project: Number: PKP-2016-06-8522; Title: Izravna oporaba komunalne otpadne vode za navodnjavanje membranskim tehnologijama; Acronym: ReHOHMem; Leader: Davor Dolar; Jurisdiction: Croatia; Funder: HRZZ; Funding stream: PKP
• Study programme: Title: Environmental Engineering - Graduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka ekoinženjerstva (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka ekoinženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-02-16 12:05:59