Utjecaj Marie Curie na razvoj kvantne mehanike

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Influence of Marie Curie on the developement of quantum mechanics
• Author: Vlatka Božić
• Mentor: Vladimir Dananić (mentor)
• Committee member: Vladimir Dananić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Elvira Vidović (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marijana Kraljić Roković (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-09-24, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Chemistry

Abstract

Marie Curie Skłodowska francuska je fizičarka i kemičarka poljskog podrijetla. Obilježila je 20. stoljeće. Bila je prva značajna i globalno priznata žena u znanosti te je kao takva ostalim ženama utrla put u znanost. Od 1891. godine živi u Francuskoj gdje je 1893. godine postala prvom ženom koja je diplomirala fiziku na Sorbonni. Henri Becquerel je 1896. godine otkrio nevidljive zrake koje provode struju. Potaknuta time, madam Curie se odlučila za temu svog poslijediplomskog istraživanja. Tako je otkrila da je radioaktivnost unutarnje svojstvo nekih elemenata. Radeći sa svojim suprugom Pierrom u skromnom i trošnom laboratoriju, vođena neiscrpnom snagom, voljom i radom, 1898. godine je otkrila dva nova kemijska elementa. Naime, zajedno su prebirali po tonama prirodne rude kako bi u konačnici 1902. godine izolirali desetinu grama radija. 1903. godine zajedno sa suprugom prima prvu Nobelovu nagradu na području fizike te tako postaje prva žena koja je dobila Nobela. Već 1911. godine prima drugu Nobelovu nagradu za kemiju čime je postala jedinom ženom koja je primila dvije Nobelove nagrade. Cilj ovog rada je upoznati lik i djelo Marie Curie te pritom istaknuti njezin utjecaj na razvoj kvantne mehanike. Njezin najveći uspjeh bila je primjena potpuno novih metoda pri otkriću elemenata. Sljedećih godina znanstvenici su pojasnili i locirali izvor radioaktivnosti te su tako pridonijeli otkriću atoma i njegove strukture. Ovim je radom utvrđeno da su glavna snaga madam Curie i njezin glavni doprinos fundamentalnoj znanosti kreativni postupci u izdvajanju radioaktivnih elemenata i njezina upornost. Otkrićem radioaktivnosti, Marie je ujedno i utrla put daljnjeg razvoja kvantne mehanike.

Abstract (english)

Marie Curie Skłodowska is a French physicist and chemist of Polish descent. She marked the 20th century. She was the first significant and globally recognised woman in science and, as such, paved the way for other women in science. She has lived in France since 1891, where in 1893 she became the first woman to graduate physics from Sorbonne. In 1896, Henri Becquerel discovered invisible rays that conduct electricity. Encouraged by this, Madame Curie decided on the topic of her postgraduate research. She discovered that radioactivity is an internal property of some elements. Working with her husband Pierre in a humble and dilapidated laboratory, with inexhaustible strength, will and hard work, in 1898 she discovered two new chemical elements. Namely, together they sifted through tons of natural ore in order to finally isolate a tenth of a gram of radium in 1902. In 1903, with her husband Pierre, she received the first Nobel Prize in physics. Madam Curie became the first woman to receive the Nobel prize. In 1911, she received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, making her the only woman to receive two Nobel prizes. The aim of this paper is to get to know the character and work of Marie Curie and to emphasize her influence on the development of quantum mechanics. Her greatest success was the application of completely new methods in the discovery of elements. In the following years, scientists explained and located the source of radioactivity and thus contributed to the discovery of the atom and its structure. This paper found that Madame Curie's main strength and her main contribution to fundamental science were creative procedures in the isolation of radioactive elements and her persistence. With the discovery of radioactivity, Marie also paved the way for the further development of quantum mechanics.

• Keywords: Marie Curie Skłodowska; radioaktivnost; polonij; radij; Nobelova nagrada; kvantna mehanika
• Keywords (english): Marie Curie Skłodowska; radioactivity; polonium; radium; Nobel prize; quantum mechanics
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:738184
• Study programme: Title: Chemical Engineering - Undergraduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka kemijskog inženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-03-24 09:07:48