Istraživanje miješanog plastičnog otpada termogravimetrijskom analizom

master's thesis

• Title (english): Study of mixed plastic waste by thermogravimetric analysis
• Author: Ivan Krišto
• Mentor: Zlata Hrnjak-Murgić (mentor)
• Committee member: Zlata Hrnjak-Murgić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Elvira Vidović (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Vanja Kosar (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-09-30, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Chemical Engineering

Abstract

Plastika je jedan od najčešće korištenih materijala današnjice, koji se koristi u mnogobrojnim primjenama. Zbog široke uporabe plastike, veliki dio te iste plastike završava u komunalnom otpadu. Plastični otpad se uspješno može mehanički i kemijski reciklirati. No, problem s recikliranjem nastupa kod višeslojne plastične ambalaže budući da se sastoji od više slojeva, različitih vrsta polimera, koji se ne mogu odvojiti. Stoga, energetska oporaba ovakvih laminatnih folija se pokazla kao opravdan način recikliranja. U ovom radu korišteni su polimerni materijali dobiveni od tvrtke Rotoplast koji se koriste za proizvodnju ambalaže, to su bile folije na bazi poli(etilen tereftalata) (PET)); PET-PE (metalizirani), PET-boPP, APET-PE i PET-PE (kaširani). Ispitivana je toplinska postojanost termogravimetrijskom analizom (TGA) pri četiri različite brzine zagrijavanja od 5, 10, 15 i 20 °C/min bez prisustva katalizatora i s katalizatorom (NiCl2). Uzorcima smo odredili temperature pri maksimalnoj brzini razgradnje (Tmax), temperature početne razgradnje (T90), brzinu maksimalne razgradnje (rmax) i masu ugljeniziranog ostatka (mr). Korištenjem Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) izokonverzijskog modela određene su energije aktivacije (Ea) termičke razgradnje za sve ispitivane uzorke i za oba istraživanja sustava, bez i s katalizatorom. Iz dobivenih rezultata se može zaključiti kako je NiCl2 bio pogodan katalizator u obradi polimernih laminatnih folija s povećanim udjelom PET-a budući da je doprinio razgradnji pri nižim temperaturama i sniženju energije aktivacije čime je pirolitički proces postao efikasniji.

Abstract (english)

Plastic is one of the most commonly used materials today, used in many applications. Due to the widespread use of plastic, much of that same plastic ends up in municipal waste. Plastic waste can be successfully mechanically and chemically recycled. Problems of recycling occur with multilayer plastic packaging as it consists of multiple layers of different types of polymers, which cannot be separated. Due to the energy recovery of such laminate foils has been proven to be a justified way of recycling. In this paper, we used polymeric materials obtained from the Rotoplast company that are used for the production of packaging, these were foils based on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET); PET-PE (metallized), PET-boPP, APET-PE and PET-PE (laminated). Thermal stability was tested by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at four different heating rates; 5, 10, 15 and 20 ° C/min with and without the presence of the catalyst (NiCl2). The temperatures at the maximum decomposition rate (Tmax), the temperatures of the started decomposition (T90), the maximum decomposition rates (rmax) and the mass of the char residue (mr) were determined for the samples. Using the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) isoconversion model, the activation energies (Ea) of thermal decomposition were determined for all studied samples and for both system investigations, without and with a catalyst. From the obtained results it can be concluded that NiCl2 was a suitable catalyst in the processing of polymer laminate films with higher PET content as it contributed to decomposition at lower temperatures and lower activation energy thus making pyrolytic process more efficient.

• Keywords: višeslojna plastična ambalaža; termogravimetrijska analiza; kinetika toplinske razgradnje; polimerni otpad
• Keywords (english): multilayer plastic packaging; thermogravimetric analysis; thermal decomposition kinetics; polymer waste
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:149:011160
• Project: Number: IP-2018-01-3200; Title: Napredni nositelji energije u oporabi plastičnog otpada; Acronym: NEOPLAST; Leader: Daniel Rolph Schneider; Jurisdiction: Croatia; Funder: HRZZ; Funding stream: IP
• Study programme: Title: Environmental Engineering - Graduate study; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka ekoinženjerstva (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka ekoinženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-04-21 12:50:55