Title Biorazgradnja mikroplastike u okolišu Title (english) Biodegradation of microplastics in environment Author Ornella Host Mentor Dajana Kučić Grgić (mentor)Committee member Dajana Kučić Grgić (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Lidija Furač (član povjerenstva)Committee member Matija Cvetnić (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2020-09-24, Croatia Scientific / art field, TECHNICAL SCIENCES Abstract Svjetska proizvodnja plastike trenutno iznosi oko 350 milijuna tona godišnje. Naglim porastom proizvodnje plastičnih materijala, raste i udio plastičnog otpada u okolišu. Proizvodnjom sitnih čestica i trušenjem većih komada, plastika u okoliš dospijeva u obliku mikroplastike. Zbog svojih izuzetno malih dimenzija i rasprostranjenosti plastičnog otpada, mikroplastiku danas možemo naći širom svijeta, u morima i oceanima, u atmosferi i tlu, pa čak i u sedimentu. Mikroplastika ima negativan utjecaj na biljni i životinjski svijet, a zbog mogućnosti bioakumulacije može dospjeti i u ljudski organizam gdje potencijalno može učiniti štetu otpuštajući toksične tvari koje se često adsorbiraju na površinu sitnih čestica. Uklanjanje mikroplastike iz okoliša iznimno je težak zadatak, jer se zbog svoje veličine često ne zadržava na raznim filtrima za pročišćavanje, pa je iz tog razloga biorazgradnja jedan od potencijalnih rješenja problema današnjice. Biorazgradnja je prirodan proces u kojem neku organsku tvar mikroorganizmi (bakterije, plijesni, kvasci i njihovi enzimi) koriste kao izvor hrane i pritom ih prevode u jednostavnije spojeve, vodu, CO2 i mineralne soli. Proces razgradnje mikroorganizmima postiže se različitim enzimatskim aktivnostima i cijepanjem veza u makromolekulama. Dosad je istražena nekolicina vrsta mikroorganizama koji imaju sposobnost biološke razgradnje sintetskih polimernih spojeva. Osim svojstava polimernih spojeva od koje je mikroplastika sačinjena, biorazgradnja uvelike ovisi i o vrsti mikroorganizama koji je razgrađuju te optimalnim uvjetima u kojima se ona provodi. Iz tog razloga biorazgradnja mikroplastike u tlu i odlagalištima otpada donekle je moguća, no problem se javlja kod biorazgradnje u morima i oceanima te sustavima pitke vode. U ovom radu dati će se literaturni pregled postojanja mikroplastike u različitim sastavnicama okoliša kao i mogućnosti njene biorazgradnje u okolišu.
Abstract (english) World plastic production currently stands at about 350 millions of tons per year. With the high increase in the production of plastic materials, the share of plastic waste in the environment is also growing. By producing small plastic particles and crushing larger pieces, plastics enter the environment in the form of microplastics. Due to its extremely small dimensions and the prevalence of plastic waste, microplastics can be found all around the world, in the seas and oceans, in the atmosphere and soil, and even in sediment.Microplastics have a negative impact on flora and fauna, and due to the possibility of bioaccumulation it can reach the human body where it can potentially do damage by releasing toxic substances that are often adsorbed on the surface of small particles. Removing microplastics from the environment is an extremely difficult task, because of its size, it often passes through various purification filters, and for this reason biodegradation is one of the potential solutions to today's problems. Biodegradation is a natural process in which microorganisms (bacteria, moulds, yeasts and their enzymes) use organic substances as a food source and translate it into simpler compounds, water, CO2 and mineral salts. The process of degradation by microorganisms is achieved by various enzymatic activities and bond breaking in macromolecules. So far, several types of microorganisms that have the ability to biodegrade synthetic polymer compounds have been investigated. Biodegradation largely depends on not only the properties of the polymer compounds but on the type of microorganisms that degrade it and the optimal conditions in which it is carried out. For this reason, biodegradation of microplastics in soil and landfills is somewhat possible, but the problem occurs with biodegradation in seas and oceans and drinking water systems. This paper will provide a literature overview of the existence of microplastics in various ecosystems as well as the possibility of its biodegradation in the environment.
Keywords
mikroplastika
biorazgradnja
bakterije
plijesni
kvasci
Keywords (english)
microplastics
biodegradation
bacteria
mould
yeasts
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:149:445663 Project Number: IP-2019-04-9661 Study programme Title: Chemical Engineering - Undergraduate study Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2023-05-04 08:56:50
